's Exopolysaccharide Mitigates DSS-Induced Colitis Through Dectin-1-Mediated Immunomodulation and Microbiota Remodeling.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by the interplay between immune responses and dysbiosis in disease development. Aiming to provide additional insights into disease development and potential treatment strategies, the present study investigates the local effect of oral treatment with polysaccharides obtained from 's submerged culture in an experimental model of DSS-induced colitis and its impact on lesion resolution. : The structure and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides were characterized through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).

Condensates of synaptic vesicles and synapsin-1 mediate actin sequestering and polymerization.

Neuronal communication relies on precisely maintained synaptic vesicle (SV) clusters, which assemble via liquid-liquid phase separation. This process requires synapsins, the major synaptic phosphoproteins, which are known to bind actin. Reorganization of SVs, synapsins, and actin is a hallmark of synaptic activity, but the molecular details of the interactions between these components remain unclear.

The effect of durvalumab consolidation after definitive radiochemotherapy for non-operable stage III non-small cell lung cancer on the dose effect relation for therapy related pulmonary infiltrates as a risk factor for pneumonitis.

Background: Consolidation therapy with the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody durvalumab, or other immune checkpoint inhibitors, has been associated with improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as demonstrated in randomized clinical trials. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the dose-response relationship for partial lung infiltrate volumes per dose bin after definitive radiochemotherapy as a sensitive end point to detect a durvalumab effect on the lung parenchyma in patients with subclinical or grade ≤2 pneumonitis.

Methods: Consecutive patients from a prospective registry with inoperable NSCLC stage III who developed no or pneumonitis grade ≤2 after definitive radiochemotherapy with or without durvalumab consolidation were included.

Intersectin and endophilin condensates prime synaptic vesicles for release site replenishment.

Following synaptic vesicle fusion, vacated release sites are replenished immediately by new vesicles for subsequent neurotransmission. These replacement vesicles are assumed to be located near release sites and used by chance. Here we find in mouse hippocampal excitatory synapses that replacement vesicles are clustered near the active zone where release sites reside by intersectin-1.

The microbiota vault initiative: safeguarding Earth's microbial heritage for future generations.

Microbial ecosystems are fundamental to planetary and human health, yet human activities are accelerating their loss. Disruptions to microbial communities undermine environmental stability, biodiversity, and health. Urgent action is required to preserve microbial diversity.

Physics of Protein Aggregation in Normal and Accelerated Brain Aging.

Protein aggregation is a normal response to age-related exposures. According to the thermodynamic hypothesis of protein folding, soluble proteins precipitate into amyloids (pathology) under supersaturated conditions through a process similar to crystallization. This soluble-to-insoluble phase transition occurs via nucleation and may be catalyzed by ectopic surfaces such as lipid nanoparticles, microbes, or chemical pollutants.

Clonal hematopoiesis-associated motoric deficits caused by monocyte-derived microglia accumulating in aging mice.

Microglia are parenchymal brain macrophages that are established during embryogenesis and form a self-containing cellular compartment that resists seeding with cells derived from adult definitive hematopoiesis. We report that monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMΦs) accumulate in the brain of aging mice with distinct topologies, including the nigrostriatum and medulla but not the frontal cortex. Parenchymal MoMΦs adopt bona fide microglia morphology and expression profiles.

Live-cell quantification reveals viscoelastic regulation of synapsin condensates by α-synuclein.

Synapsin and α-synuclein represent a growing list of condensate-forming proteins where the material states of condensates are directly linked to cellular functions (e.g., neurotransmission) and pathology (e.

Safety and effectiveness of MVA-BN vaccination against mpox in at-risk individuals in Germany (SEMVAc and TEMVAc): a combined prospective and retrospective cohort study.

Background: More than 115 000 cases of mpox have been confirmed since the onset of a global outbreak in 2022. In addition to global transmission of clade II monkeypox virus (MPXV), the recent spread of clade I has caused a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The third-generation smallpox vaccine modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) was recommended for at-risk populations in 2022, despite a scarcity of data on safety and effectiveness against mpox.

Lipid packing and cholesterol content regulate membrane wetting and remodeling by biomolecular condensates.

Biomolecular condensates play a central role in cellular processes by interacting with membranes driving wetting transitions and inducing mutual remodeling. While condensates are known to locally alter membrane properties such as lipid packing and hydration, it remains unclear how membrane composition and phase state in turn affect condensate affinity. Here, we show that it is not only the membrane phase itself, but rather the degree of lipid packing that determines the condensate affinity for membranes.

Characterizing the heterogeneity of Castleman disease and oligocentric subtype: findings from the ACCELERATE registry.

Castleman disease (CD) describes a group of rare lymphoproliferative disorders that exhibit a wide range of symptomatology and degree of lymphadenopathy, particularly across the 2 forms of CD with unknown etiology, unicentric CD (UCD), and human herpesvirus-8-negative/idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD). Whereas UCD cases typically present with localized lymphadenopathy and mild symptoms, iMCD involves multicentric lymphadenopathy and cytokine storm-driven symptoms with 3 recognized clinical phenotypes. Increasingly, there are anecdotal reports of cases that do not fit into this framework, but these cases have not been systematically described.

Synapsin Condensation is Governed by Sequence-Encoded Molecular Grammars.

Multiple biomolecular condensates coexist at the pre- and post- synapse to enable vesicle dynamics and controlled neurotransmitter release in the brain. In pre-synapses, intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of synaptic proteins are drivers of condensation that enable clustering of synaptic vesicles (SVs). Using computational analysis, we show that the IDRs of SV proteins feature evolutionarily conserved non-random compositional biases and sequence patterns.

Dose response relation for optic nerve atrophy at low-dose rate brachytherapy of uveal melanoma.

Background: Dose-response relationships for optic neuropathy and optic nerve atrophy after brachytherapy for posterior uveal melanoma were poorly defined from previous studies. Here, the outcome differences were analyzed in dependence on dosimetric factors, the applicator type, and tumor dependent variables.

Purpose: Primary objective was to evaluate the association of applied dose and on-set of optic nerve atrophy after brachytherapy for posterior uveal melanoma in order to allow risk estimation for new patients.

The essential role of magnesium in immunity and gut health: Impacts of dietary magnesium restriction on peritoneal cells and intestinal microbiome.

Magnesium (Mg) is essential for life, and low levels impair immune function, promote chronic inflammation, and influence the intestinal microbiome, with the peritoneal cavity serving as a site for direct interaction between the cavity and intestinal contents, including the microbiota. This study investigates the effects of a Mg-restricted diet on peritoneal immune cells and its interplay with the intestinal microbiome. Male C57BL/6NTaq mice were divided into three groups: control, restricted, and restored.

Diet Quality Components and Gut Microbiota of Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the associations between the quality of the diet and its components and microbial diversity and composition in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.

Design And Methods: This cross-sectional study included PD patients for at least 3 months, aged 18-75 years and clinically stable. The Diet Quality Index (DQI), validated for the Brazilian population, is based on the energy density of 11 components ("sugar and sweets;" "beef, pork, and processed meat;" "refined grains and breads;" "animal fat;" "poultry, fish, and eggs;" "whole cereals, tubers, and roots;" "fruits"; "nonstarch vegetables;" "legumes and nuts;" "milk and dairy products;" and "vegetable oil").

The α-synuclein seed amplification assay: Interpreting a test of Parkinson's pathology.

The α-synuclein seed amplification assay (αSyn-SAA) sensitively detects Lewy pathology, the amyloid state of α-synuclein, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The αSyn-SAA harnesses the physics of seeding, whereby a superconcentrated solution of recombinant α-synuclein lowers the thermodynamic threshold (nucleation barrier) for aggregated α-synuclein to act as a nucleation catalyst ("seed") to trigger the precipitation (nucleation) of monomeric α-synuclein into pathology. This laboratory setup increases the signal for identifying a catalyst if one is present in the tissue examined.

Morphology and intervesicle distances in condensates of synaptic vesicles and synapsin.

Synaptic vesicle clusters or pools are functionally important constituents of chemical synapses. In the so-called reserve and the active pools, neurotransmitter-loaded synaptic vesicles (SVs) are stored and conditioned for fusion with the synaptic membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release during synaptic activity. Vesicle clusters can be considered as so-called membraneless compartments, which form by liquid-liquid phase separation.

Vertical transfer of gut microbiota from dam to neonate calf in the early of life.

The aim of this study was to investigate the vertical transfer of microbiota from dams to the offspring. We studied a pair of 20 dams and its offspring. Maternal sources (colostrum, feces and vaginal secretion) and newborn fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28.

Live-Cell Quantification Reveals Viscoelastic Regulation of Synapsin Condensates by α-Synuclein.

Synapsin and α-synuclein represent a growing list of condensate-forming proteins where the material states of condensates are directly linked to cellular functions (e.g., neurotransmission) and pathology (e.