Relative Pain Reduction and Duration of Nerve Block Response Predict Outcomes in Headache Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Experts agree that nerve block (NB) response is an important tool in headache surgery screening. However, the predictive value of NBs remains to be proven in a prospective fashion.

Methods: Pre-NB and post-NB visual analogue pain scores (0 to 10) and duration of NB response were recorded prospectively.

Artificial intelligence-enabled simulation of gluteal augmentation: A helpful tool in preoperative outcome simulation?

Background: While the buttock region is considered an esthetic hallmark, the Brazilian butt lift (BBL) remains controversially discussed in the plastic surgery community. This is due to its contentious safety profile. Thus, informed consent and patient education play a key role in preoperative planning.

The Rise of Facial Palsy on Social Media Over the Last 5 Years.

Background: Social media (SoMe) has become a powerful platform for distributing health information. Facial palsy (FP) results in functional and social impairment and lowers quality of life. Social media may help to raise awareness of FP sequalae.

Evidence-Based Patient Selection in Headache Surgery: Impact of Preoperative Radiofrequency Ablation on Surgical Outcomes.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the greater occipital nerve (GON) is a minimally invasive treatment option commonly used in patients with occipital neuralgia. Patients who undergo occipital surgery for headaches after failed RFA treatment present a unique opportunity to evaluate RFA-treated occipital nerves and determine the impact on headache surgery outcomes.

Methods: Of 115 patients who underwent headache surgery at the occipital site, 29 had a history of RFA treatment.

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Evaluation of Pain Sketches to Predict Outcomes in Headache Surgery.

Background: Recent evidence has shown that patient drawings of pain can predict poor outcomes in headache surgery. Given that interpretation of pain drawings requires some clinical experience, the authors developed a machine learning framework capable of automatically interpreting pain drawings to predict surgical outcomes. This platform will allow surgeons with less clinical experience, neurologists, primary care practitioners, and even patients to better understand candidacy for headache surgery.

Migraine Headaches in Patients with Upper Extremity Compressive Neuropathy.

Background: Upper extremity nerve compression syndromes and migraines caused by nerve entrapment have many similarities, including patient presentation, anatomical findings, and treatment by surgical decompression of affected nerves. Parallels between the two conditions point toward the possibility of shared predisposition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between migraine and upper extremity nerve compression.

A Synopsis of Artificial Intelligence and its Applications in Surgery.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made steady in-roads into the healthcare scenario over the last decade. While widespread adoption into clinical practice remains elusive, the outreach of this discipline has progressed beyond the physician scientist, and different facets of this technology have been incorporated into the care of surgical patients. New AI applications are developing at rapid pace, and it is imperative that the general surgeon be aware of the broad utility of AI as applicable in his or her day-to-day practice, so that healthcare continues to remain up-to-date and evidence based.

Open Versus Laparoscopic Surgical Management of Rectus Diastasis: Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Complications and Recurrence Rates.

Background: Rectus diastasis (RD) is defined as widening of the linea alba and laxity of the abdominal muscles. It can be treated via a wide array of both conservative and surgical modalities. Due to the quickly evolving nature of this field coupled with the multiple novel surgical modalities described recently, there is a need for an updated review of surgical techniques and a quantitative analysis of complications and recurrence rates.

"Locoregional perforator flaps in breast reconstruction: An anatomic review & quadrant algorithm".

Background: Plastic surgeons' firm grasp of perforator anatomy allows them to be increasingly mindful of esthetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, and donor-site function when approaching breast reconstruction. Mindfulness of these outcomes has contributed to the widespread use of locoregional perforator flaps in post-mastectomy and post-BCS reconstruction.

Methods: A literature search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant studies reporting the use of locoregional perforator flaps in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction.

BreastGAN: Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Breast Augmentation Simulation.

Background: Managing patient expectations is important to ensuring patient satisfaction in aesthetic medicine. To this end, computer technology developed to photograph, digitize, and manipulate three-dimensional (3D) objects has been applied to the female breast. However, the systems remain complex, physically cumbersome, and extremely expensive.

A Correlation between Upper Extremity Compressive Neuropathy and Nerve Compression Headache.

Background: Compressive neuropathies of the head/neck that trigger headaches and entrapment neuropathies of the extremities have traditionally been perceived as separate clinical entities. Given significant overlap in clinical presentation, treatment, and anatomical abnormality, the authors aimed to elucidate the relationship between nerve compression headaches and carpal tunnel syndrome, and other upper extremity compression neuropathies.

Methods: One hundred thirty-seven patients with nerve compression headaches who underwent surgical nerve deactivation were included.

Letter to the Editor: The Case for Publicly Funded Headache Surgery in Germany.

Headache surgery has become a considerable therapeutic option in headache treatment and is of rising interest in the German medical sector. This viewpoint outlines the need for reimbursement of headache surgery in the German healthcare system and demonstrates its cost-effectiveness. Using state-of-the-art patient selection algorithms, the authors found headache surgery to be cost-effective within 7.

Tendon: Principles of Healing and Repair.

Tendon stores, releases, and dissipates energy to efficiently transmit contractile forces from muscle to bone. Tendon injury is exceedingly common, with the spectrum ranging from chronic tendinopathy to acute tendon rupture. Tendon generally develops according to three main steps: collagen fibrillogenesis, linear growth, and lateral growth.

ChartSweep: A HIPAA-compliant Tool to Automate Chart Review for Plastic Surgery Research.

Retrospective chart review (RCR) is the process of manual patient data review to answer research questions. Large and heterogeneous datasets make the RCR process time-consuming, with potential to introduce errors. The authors therefore designed and developed ChartSweep to expedite the RCR process while remaining faithful to its methodological rigor.

Using Big Data to Assess Legitimacy of Plastic Surgery Information on Social Media.

Background: The proliferation of social media in plastic surgery poses significant difficulties for the public in determining legitimacy of information. This work proposes a system based on social network analysis (SNA) to assess the legitimacy of information contributors within a plastic surgery community.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the centrality of individual or group accounts on plastic surgery social media by means of a model based on academic plastic surgery and a single social media outlet.

Muscle Fascia Changes in Patients with Occipital Neuralgia, Headache, or Migraine.

In an ongoing effort to understand the pathogenesis of occipital neuralgia/headache/migraine, it is critical to describe the anatomical/tissue changes encountered during surgery. Greater occipital nerve anatomical studies mainly focus on the greater occipital nerve course through muscle/fascial planes and interaction with the occipital vessels. However, structural soft-tissue changes have not been described in detail.

Patient Pain Sketches Can Predict Surgical Outcomes in Trigger-Site Deactivation Surgery for Headaches.

Background: Patient selection for headache surgery is an important variable to ensure successful outcomes. In the authors' experience, a valuable method to visualize pain/trigger sites is to ask patients to draw their pain. The authors have found that there are pathognomonic pain patterns for each site, and typically do not operate on patients with atypical pain sketches, as they believe such patients are poor surgical candidates.

Insta-Grated Plastic Surgery Residencies: 2020 Update.

Background: Recent evidence shows accelerating worldwide adoption of social media and suggests a commensurate increase in social media use by integrated plastic surgery residency programs in the United States. Programs nationwide are now making strides to include a longitudinal social media component in their plastic surgery curriculum.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Instagram by plastic surgery residency programs and to describe trends in adoption, volume, and content.

A Practical Approach to Artificial Intelligence in Plastic Surgery.

Understanding the intersection of technology and plastic surgery has been and will be essential to positioning plastic surgeons at the forefront of surgical innovation. This account of the current and future applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery introduces us to the subset of issues amenable to support from this technology. It equips plastic surgeons with the knowledge to navigate technical conversations with peers, trainees, patients, and technical partners for collaboration and to usher in a new era of technology in plastic surgery.

Effects of low intraperitoneal pressure and a warmed, humidified carbon dioxide gas in laparoscopic surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

Laparoscopic surgery technology continues to advance. However, much less attention has been focused on how alteration of the laparoscopic surgical environment might improve clinical outcomes. We conducted a randomized, 2 × 2 factorial trial to evaluate whether low intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) (8 mmHg) and/or warmed, humidified CO (WH) gas are better for minimizing the adverse impact of a CO pneumoperitoneum on the peritoneal environment during laparoscopic surgery and for improving clinical outcomes compared to the standard IPP (12 mmHg) and/or cool and dry CO (CD) gas.

Epidural analgesia in the intensive care unit: An observational series of 121 patients.

Background: Epidural analgesia (EA) has been more investigated during the perioperative period than in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Recent studies support beneficial effects for EA beyond analgesia itself. However, data on feasibility and safety are still lacking in the ICU.