"Adrift From the World": Exploring the Lived Experiences of Individuals Affected by an Inherited Optic Neuropathy in the United Kingdom-A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: Little is understood about the lived experiences of individuals affected by inherited optic neuropathies (IONs) in the United Kingdom. The aim of this study was to understand how autosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, the 2 more commonly encountered IONs, impact affected individuals and the factors contributing to their vision-related quality of life (VRQoL).

Methods: Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 individuals with a genetic diagnosis of DOA (10 participants) or Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (10 participants) and affected by vision loss.

Dynamics of cognitive variability with age and its genetic underpinning in NIHR BioResource Genes and Cognition cohort participants.

A leading explanation for translational failure in neurodegenerative disease is that new drugs are evaluated late in the disease course when clinical features have become irreversible. Here, to address this gap, we cognitively profiled 21,051 people aged 17-85 years as part of the Genes and Cognition cohort within the National Institute for Health and Care Research BioResource across England. We describe the cohort, present cognitive trajectories and show the potential utility.

The language network is not engaged in object categorization.

The relationship between language and thought is the subject of long-standing debate. One claim states that language facilitates categorization of objects based on a certain feature (e.g.

Punishing the individual or the group for norm violation.

It has recently been proposed that a key motivation for joining groups is the protection from consequences of negative behaviours, such as norm violations. Here we empirically test this claim by investigating whether cooperative decisions and the punishment of associated fairness-based norm violations are different in individuals vs. collectives in economic games.