New three-dimensional nuclear morphometry tool quantifies impact of slow freezing on sperm hypercondensed chromatin.

Background: Perm freezing compromises nuclear integrity. Standardized tools to assess three-dimensional (3D) chromatin alterations are lacking.

Objectives: This study aimed to present a novel protocol for 3D nuclear morphometric analysis of human spermatozoa to measure slow freezing and thawing-induced alterations.