Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS): a rare genetic interstitial lung disease.

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome pulmonary fibrosis (HPS-PF) is a rare cause of genetic interstitial lung disease (ILD). A man in his 40s who has oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) since birth presented with respiratory failure to the intensive care department. On further evaluation, high-resolution CT was suggestive of non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP).

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to tuberculosis: A case series.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an exaggerated but ineffective immune response secondary to infections, inflammatory conditions, or malignancies. HLH is characterized by macrophage and T-cell activation resulting in phagocytosis of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets and an exuberant cytokine response respectively leading to catastrophic systemic manifestations. The clinical and biochemical profile of HLH significantly overlaps with that of sepsis, which may lead to misdiagnosis.

A rare cause of recurrent massive hemoptysis.

Pulmonary artery aneurysmal rupture is a rare cause of massive hemoptysis. When the suspected origin of bleeding is the pulmonary artery, comprehensive evaluation is necessary to determine aetiology and guide appropriate management. Behçet's disease and Hughes-Stovin Syndrome (HSS) are important differentials to consider after infections and malignancy have been ruled out.

Assessment of health-related quality of life in individuals with interstitial lung diseases in a tertiary care hospital in south India.

Background & objectives Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) cause progressive symptoms and decline in lung functions which impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Although HRQoL is gaining wider acceptance as an endpoint for disease perception, limited data is available regarding the same in Indians with ILD. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess HRQoL and its correlation with lung function parameters in individuals with ILD in a tertiary care setting in south India.

Development and evaluation of the Indian Sleepiness Scale to assess excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), a cardinal symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is assessed using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Some limitations of ESS include graded responses, inapplicable situations and equal scores for active and passive situations. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel sleepiness scale and evaluated its performance in patients with OSA.

Mediastinal hematoma following thrombolysis for acute pulmonary thromboembolism.

Massive pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is a cardiorespiratory emergency and can be fatal if left untreated. The recommended treatment for PE in the presence of right ventricular dysfunction and hemodynamic instability is thrombolysis. However, the latter is a double-edged sword as life-threatening bleeding manifestations can occur post-thrombolysis.

Identifying phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea using cluster analysis.

Purpose: Over the last decade, advances in understanding the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, systemic consequences and treatment responses in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have made individualised OSA management plausible. As the first step in this direction, this study was undertaken to identify OSA phenotypes.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with OSA on level 1 polysomnography (PSG) were included.

Missing the Forest for the Trees - A Rare Cause of Pleural Effusion.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is a genetic disorder associated with dermatological, musculoskeletal, and neurological features. Apart from these, knowledge of other uncommon manifestations, including intrathoracic and pulmonary involvement, is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. These patients are predisposed to various sarcomatous and non-sarcomatous malignancies.

Case of melioidosis misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis.

Melioidosis is an endemic infection caused by predominantly reported in the coastal parts of India. A 19-year-old male student with no comorbidities presented with features suggestive of pneumonia. He was initiated on antitubercular treatment empirically elsewhere.

A simple x-ray scoring system for the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a severe form of post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTBLD). Considering the high burden of TB in India, it can be concluded that the prevalence of CPA is also high. Chest x-ray though most feasible, interpretation is subjective.

The effect of CPAP therapy on excessive daytime sleepiness and quality of life in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea: an AB design study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by apnoeas and hypopnoeas due to repetitive upper airway collapse during sleep. So far, there are no published data regarding quality of life (QoL) and adherence to CPAP among patients with OSA in India. This study aims to measure sleepiness and QoL of patients before and after effective CPAP use in patients with OSA.

E-cigarettes: Out of the frying pan into the fire?

Electronic nicotine delivery systems were developed over a decade ago to simulate the experience of smoking, although with a lower exposure to toxins than in conventional smoking. However, they have their own unique profile of side effects, some of which can be life threatening. We report the case of a young male, who in a desperate bid to de-addict himself from smoking developed a serious adverse effect related to the e-cigarettes.