Clinical Practice Guidelines for F-Fluciclovine 2024 in the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine.

F-Fluciclovine was the first F-labeled amino acid PET tracer to be approved for clinical use in Japan, receiving regulatory approval in March 2021 and being listed for reimbursement in June 2024. In response to this development, the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine initiated the formulation of clinical guidelines to ensure the appropriate use of this radiopharmaceutical in clinical practice. This guideline provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics of F-Fluciclovine in malignant glioma, including indications for use, imaging protocols, interpretation of PET images, and considerations for radiation safety.

Distribution patterns of brown adipose tissue on FDG-PET/CT has age characteristics.

Purpose: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to thermoregulation and energy expenditure. Although BAT is abundant in early childhood and declines with age, its distribution across age groups remains unclear. This study examined age-related BAT distribution using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT).

Imaging of cardiac amyloidosis using dynamic F-FPYBF-2 positron emission tomography.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of 5-(5-(2-(2-(2-F-fluoroethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) benzofuran-2-yl)-N-methylpyridin-2-amine (F-FPYBF-2) dynamic PET for patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA).

Methods: The subjects were patients diagnosed with proven amyloidosis (n = 16) including transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) (n = 7) and light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) (n = 9), of which 4 and 5 with (AL-CA) and without (AL-nCA) cardiac involvement, and 4 control subjects suffering from some symptoms of cardiac failure without amyloidosis (CTL). Thirty minutes dynamic F-FPYBF-2 PET/CT was performed to evaluate the time activity curve and the retention index (mRI) as the ratio of the myocardial SUV at 15 to 5 min.

18 F-FDG PET/CT Findings of Surgically Transposed Ovaries After Radical Hysterectomy in a Young Adult Patient.

A 35-year-old woman underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT 2 months after a radical hysterectomy for uterine cervical cancer. An apparent FDG uptake was observed in an oval-shaped mass with an attached surgical clip in the right paracolic gutter. A similar non-FDG-avid mass with a clip was observed in the left.

Characteristic Muscular FDG Uptake Patterns Related to the Transportation Means Used by Patients to Visit the Hospital.

It is well-known that physiological FDG uptake in the skeletal muscles is affected by serum insulin levels and the extent to which the muscles contract before the examination. Patients are instructed to refrain from strenuous exercise, talking too much, and taking meals at least 4 hours before the administration of the tracer. Even if the patient does not intend to exercise, muscular accumulation related to specific behaviors can still be visualized in the images.

FDG-PET findings associated with various medical procedures and treatments.

[F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-established modality with high sensitivity for the diagnosis and staging of oncologic patients. FDG is taken up by the glucose transporter of the cell membrane and becomes trapped within the cell. In addition to malignant neoplasms, active inflammatory lesions and some kinds of benign tumors also accumulate FDG.

Misery Perfusion and Tau Deposition in Atherosclerotic Major Cerebral Artery Disease: A F-Florzolotau Positron Emission Tomography Study.

Background: Studies using animal models have shown that cerebral hypoperfusion causes hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, leading to neuronal damage. However, the relationship between hypoperfusion and tau deposition in humans is unclear. Hence, we aimed to determine whether cerebral hypoperfusion leading to decreased blood flow relative to metabolic demand [increased oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), misery perfusion] is associated with increased tau deposition in patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery disease.

Neuronal Alterations in Secondary Thalamic Degeneration Due to Cerebral Infarction: A C-Flumazenil Positron Emission Tomography Study.

Background: Studies using animal experiments have shown secondary neuronal degeneration in the thalamus after cerebral infarction. Neuroimaging studies in humans have revealed changes in imaging parameters in the thalamus, remote to the infarction. However, few studies have directly demonstrated neuronal changes in the thalamus in vivo.

Visit-to-Visit Blood PressureVariations and Hemodynamic Deterioration in Atherosclerotic Major Cerebral ArteryDisease.

Objective: Visit-to-visit variations in blood pressure (BP) in patients with atherosclerotic major cerebral artery disease could impair the function of cerebral collaterals, leading to hemodynamic deterioration at follow-up. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between visit-to-visit BP variability and changes in hemodynamic parameters at follow-up.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 35 medically treated patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery disease with no ischemic episodes during follow-up (mean: 35 ± 20 months); these patients had a three-time visit for positron emission tomography examinations with O-gas.

Physiologically decreased F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the lower vertebrae associated with daily drinking habit in Japanese men with alcohol flushing reaction.

Alcohol flushing reaction (AFR) is known as one of the risks for esophageal squamous cell cancer, and scientists have been elucidating this issue. However, little attention has been given to relevant imaging features. This study aims to investigate whether physiological F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake patterns in vertebrae are associated with drinking habits or AFR.

Spatial Patterns of Amyloid Deposition in Patients with Chronic Focal or Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury Using F-FPYBF-2 PET.

Aim: Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, accelerated by traumatic brain injury (TBI), may play a crucial role in neurodegeneration in chronic-stage TBI. The injury type could influence Aβ dynamics because of TBI's complex, heterogeneous nature. We, therefore, investigated spatial patterns of amyloid deposition according to injury type after TBI using 5-(5-(2-(2-(2-[F]-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzofuran-2-yl)--methylpyridin-2-amine (F-FPYBF-2) positron emission tomography (PET).

FDG Uptake in Brown Adipose Tissue Activated by a β3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Prescribed for Overactive Bladder.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT), which produces energy and is known to play a role as a hibernating gland, is sometimes visualized on F-FDG PET in children or in slender young adults in a cold environment. Because BAT is activated by catecholamines, FDG uptake in BAT is also observed in patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. We present the case of an elderly woman with remarkable FDG uptake in BAT.

Predominance and homogeneity patterns of physiological FDG accumulation in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae: suspected mechanism of "bone pseudometastasis" on FDG-PET in Japanese patients with esophageal cancer.

Objective: False-positive bone lesions (bone pseudometastases) have been often reported in patients with esophageal cancer (EsoC). This study aimed to evaluate the vertebral 2-deoxy-2-[F] fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) accumulation pattern in patients with newly diagnosed esophageal cancers and other malignancies (OtherT) to elucidate the possible mechanism that causes bone pseudometastasis.

Methods: FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed for 90 patients with EsoC, and 112 patients with OtherT was retrospectively evaluated.

[Report in 2017 April ～ 2018 March].

Women physicians, scientists and nurses are addressing many problems encountered in the practice of their chosen fields. We carried out a survey of the women working in the nuclear medicine field. Two hundred and six professionals answered this questionnaire.

Complete Spontaneous Regression of Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma After Surgical Biopsy.

F-FDG PET/CT for a 74-year-old man with elevated serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor showed multiple intense uptake in the liver, spleen, and bone. A surgical biopsy from 2 of liver tumors confirmed hepatosplenic αβ T-cell lymphoma. One and a half months after biopsy, FDG PET scan was performed again for staging before starting chemotherapy, and it showed the complete disappearance of all of the lesions.

Significantly Increased Accumulation of 18F-FDG Throughout the Left Middle Cerebral Artery Territory Corresponding to Acute-Phase Infarction.

A 70-year-old woman had spontaneous resolution of an embolism in her right middle cerebral artery (MCA) (day 1); another embolism occurred in her left MCA (day 3), which was promptly removed. On day 5, F-FDG PET/CT performed for staging mediastinal lymphoma showed marked FDG accumulation in the left MCA territory, whereas a defect was seen in the right insular region. Eventually, bilateral lesions developed irreversible infarction.

Diffusely Decreased Liver Uptake on FDG PET and Cancer-Associated Cachexia With Reduced Survival.

Objectives: We investigated clinical characteristics of patients with extremely increased or decreased physiologic F-FDG uptake of the liver and their prognosis.

Methods: One thousand four hundred eighty-seven PET/CT scans of patients with known or suspected malignancy were retrospectively analyzed. A spherical volume of interest (3 cm in diameter) was set on the right lobe of the liver to calculate the SUVmean.

Selective neuronal damage and blood pressure in atherosclerotic major cerebral artery disease.

Objective: In patients with atherosclerotic major cerebral artery disease, low blood pressure might impair cerebral perfusion, thereby exacerbate the risk of selective neuronal damage. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether low blood pressure at follow-up is associated with increased selective neuronal damage.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from 76 medically treated patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery disease with no ischaemic episodes on a follow-up of 6 months or more.

The difference of risk factors predicting cardiac events in patients with chronic kidney disease between with and without diabetes.

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes are both associated with cardiovascular disease, but the effects of diabetes in patients with CKD remain unknown. This study aimed to compare the risk factors of cardiac events between patients with CKD accompanied and not by diabetes using myocardial perfusion imaging.

Methods: We initially classified 529 patients with CKD from the Japanese Assessment of Cardiac Events and Survival Study-3 (J-ACCESS-3) study who had been assessed by gated single-photon emission-computed tomography based on whether they had diabetes (n = 220) or not (n = 309) and then separated them into four subgroups based on the ejection fraction (EF) calculated by quantitative gated SPECT.