Autophagy Protease ATG4D Facilitates Proliferation and Malignancy of Osteosarcoma Cells.

Osteosarcoma is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in pediatric cancer, with survival rates remaining stagnant for over a decade, particularly among patients with metastatic disease. Thus, identifying novel therapeutic targets is critical for improving clinical outcomes. The ATG4 family (ATG4A, ATG4B, ATG4C, and ATG4D) encodes proteases essential for autophagy, a process implicated in cancer progression and drug resistance.

Clinical practice of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early colorectal neoplasms by a colonoscopist with limited gastric experience.

Objectives. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early colorectal neoplasms is regarded as a difficult technique and should commence after receiving the experiences of ESD in the stomach. The implementation of colorectal ESD in countries where early gastric cancer is uncommon might therefore be difficult.

Combination effect of ribavirin and erythropoietin treatment on hemoglobin A1c in a diabetic patient with chronic hepatitis C.

Any condition that shortens erythrocyte lifespan or decreases mean erythrocyte age may falsely lower hemoglobin A1c (A1C) test results. Ribavirin (RBV) used for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can cause reversible hemolytic anemia; erythropoietin (EPO) used for treatment-related anemia can stimulate the production of red blood cells. We reported a 55-year-old woman with diabetes who received peginterferon alfa plus RBV for HCV infection.

Carbon dioxide insufflation during withdrawal of the colonoscope improved postprocedure discomfort: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

In colonoscopy, the question of when and how to use carbon dioxide (CO(2)) insufflation remains uncertain. Inspection for the pathological changes during colonoscopy takes place during the withdrawal of the scope. This study aimed to determine whether CO(2) insufflation only at the withdrawal of the colonoscope has an effect comparable to that of CO(2) usage throughout the course of the procedure.