Decrease of K channel expression through D3 receptor-mediated GSK3β signaling alleviates levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease mouse model.

Aims: The standard Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA); however, its long-term use may cause L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Aberrant activation of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) contributes to LID, and MSN excitability is regulated by dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and ATP-sensitive potassium (K) channel activity. Nevertheless, it remains unclear if D3R and K channels may be linked in the context of LID.

Optimizing lipid control in Taiwanese diabetic patients: A collaborative consensus by the Diabetes Association of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the Taiwanese Association of Diabetes Educators.

We present an in-depth analysis of dyslipidemia management strategies for patients with diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. It critically examines the disparity between established guideline recommendations and actual clinical practices, particularly in the context of evolving policies affecting statin prescriptions. The focus is on synthesizing the most recent findings concerning lipid management in patients with diabetes mellitus, with a special emphasis on establishing consensus regarding low-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment targets.

Compensatory Increase of Serum Hepassocin Protects Hyperthyroidism-Induced Hepatic Dysfunction.

Hepatic dysfunction is commonly observed in subjects with hyperthyroidism. Hepassocin is a hepatokine playing an important role in metabolic diseases and exhibiting a hepatic protective effect. Nevertheless, the relationship between hepassocin and hyperthyroidism was still unknown.

Aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) as a screening tool for primary aldosteronism (PA).

The aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) is the standard screening test for primary aldosteronism (PA). Because of the poor reproducibility of the ARR, repeat testing is recommended if the result is not compatible with the clinical condition. Various methods to measure renin are used in different hospitals in Taiwan, and the ARR cutoff values also differ among laboratories.

A randomized trial on the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) has been demonstrated to be beneficial in glycemic control in animal models, but its application in humans has not been well studied. We randomly assigned 160 patients with type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic drugs 1:1 to the TENS study device (n = 81) and placebo (n = 79). 147 (92%) randomized participants (mean [SD] age 59 [10] years, 92 men [58%], mean [SD] baseline HbA level 8.

Real-World Comparative Evaluation of Add-On Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist in Type 2 Diabetes Treated with or without Insulin.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is a potent antidiabetic agent with cardiorenal and weight-losing benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The combination of GLP-1 RA with basal insulin has been suggested in several clinical studies as a useful treatment for intensifying insulin therapy in T2D. However, there has been no real-world evidence study comparing the glycemic effects of GLP-1 RAs add-on to background treatment with and without insulin.

Growth differentiation factor-15 is independently associated with metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia in non-elderly subjects.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health issue worldwide accompanied by cardiovascular comorbidities. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Previous research in elderly subjects revealed that GDF-15 levels were associated with the MetS.

Sucralose, a Non-nutritive Artificial Sweetener Exacerbates High Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis Through Taste Receptor Type 1 Member 3.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally, and it is strongly associated with obesity. To combat obesity, artificial sweeteners are often used to replace natural sugars, and sucralose is one of the most extensively used sweeteners. It was known that sucralose exerted effects on lipid metabolism dysregulation, and hepatic inflammation; however, the effects of sucralose on hepatic steatosis were still obscure.

Carbamazepine promotes surface expression of mutant Kir6.2-A28V ATP-sensitive potassium channels by modulating Golgi retention and autophagy.

Pancreatic β-cells express ATP-sensitive potassium (K) channels, consisting of octamer complexes containing four sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) and four Kir6.2 subunits. Loss of K channel function causes persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), a rare but debilitating condition if not treated.

Associations between GDF15 levels and pre-diabetes in non-obese subjects.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-response cytokine which belongs to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. Although GDF15 was initially found to have a role in metabolic diseases, the association between GDF15 and dysglycemic status remains inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the relationships between GDF15 and different glycemic statuses in non-obese subjects.

Glycaemic control mediates the relationships of employment status and self-stigma with self-care behaviours in young adults with type 2 diabetes.

Aims And Objectives: To investigate the relationships of sociodemographic factors, self-stigma, glycaemic control (measured by glycated haemoglobin (A1C)) and self-care behaviours in young adults with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Young adults aged 25-44 years are in their most productive period. Once diagnosed with diabetes, this population tends to experience poor glycaemic control and perform poorly in self-care activities.

The Serum Concentrations of Hedgehog-Interacting Protein, a Novel Biomarker, Were Decreased in Overweight or Obese Subjects.

Although it was known that obesity is an independent risk factor for metabolic disorders including diabetes, the factors that link these diseases were obscure. The Hedgehog-interacting protein (Hhip) is a negative regulator in tissue remodeling, and inhibits the proliferation of adipocytes, and promotes their differentiation. In addition, Hhip was positively associated with diabetes.

Elevated Hedgehog-Interacting Protein Levels in Subjects with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide and is highly associated with the incidence of cancers. In order to prevent diabetes, early diagnosis of prediabetes is important. However, biomarkers for prediabetes diagnosis are still scarce.

Discovery of a role of the novel hepatokine, hepassocin, in obesity.

Obesity is a public health problem that has raised concerns worldwide and is often associated with hepatic steatosis. Hepassocin is a novel hepatokine that causes hepatic steatosis and induces insulin resistance (IR). However, the role of hepassocin in obesity remains obscure.

Serum Secretogranin III Concentrations Were Increased in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome and Independently Associated with Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels.

Secretogranin III (SCG3) plays a crucial role in the biogenesis of secretory granules in endocrine cells, and thus affects glucose homeostasis by regulating insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are hallmarks of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the role of SCG3 in MetS remains unclear.

Helicobacter pylori eradication improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients with asymptomatic active Helicobacter pylori infection.

Aims/introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with insulin resistance and glycemia in non-diabetes. However, the relationship between H. pylori infection and glycemia in diabetes remains inconclusive.

Evodiamine Exerts an Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Activity through a WWOX-Dependent Pathway.

Evodiamine is one of the main components isolated from , and it has been reported to exert inhibitory effects on cancers by anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities. Although the anti-cancer activity of evodiamine has been identified, the precise mechanisms of this action remain obscure. While previous studies indicated that evodiamine exerts anti-tumor effects through inhibiting β-catenin activity, and WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) regulates β-catenin accumulation in cytoplasm, the effects of evodiamine on the expression of WWOX are still unknown.

The Hepatic Protection Effects of Hepassocin in Hyperglycemic Crisis.

Context: High glucose generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contributes to glucotoxicity in hepatocytes, and hyperglycemia causes structural and functional damage to the liver. However, only a mild hepatic dysfunction was observed in subjects with hyperglycemic crisis, implying a factor exists to exert a hepatic protective effect. Hepassocin is a hepatokine that modulates the proliferation and metabolism of hepatocytes and also exerts protective activity in liver injury.

Fenretinide inhibits macrophage inflammatory mediators and controls hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway.

Fenretinide is a novel anticancer agent reported to exhibit anti-invasive and antimetastatic activities. It has also been shown to improve obesity and diabetes, although the effects of fenretinide on hypertension are still unknown, and the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we have shown that treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in RAW264.