Sensory Adaptations to Improve Physiological and Behavioral Distress During Dental Visits in Autistic Children: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Importance: Autistic children have poorer oral health and greater oral care challenges, which are often associated with sensory overresponsivity, than neurotypical peers. It is important to identify innovative solutions enabling dentists to successfully perform standard clinic-based procedures for this population.

Objective: To determine whether a sensory-adapted dental environment (SADE) reduces physiological and behavioral distress in autistic children undergoing dental cleanings, compared with a regular dental environment (RDE).

Pressure Injury Data Reconciliation in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To advance pressure injury (PrI) research in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) by describing lessons learned and recommendations for future research, ultimately promoting PrI prevention and more effective wound care. This paper describes the detailed procedures undertaken to collect and reconcile PrI data and summarizes the types of discrepancies identified.

Design: Secondary analyses of PrI data collected between 2009 and 2014 in a randomized controlled trial (parent study).

Effect of Chemotherapy on the Gut Microbiome of Breast Cancer Patients During the First Year of Treatment.

Introduction: There is accumulating information of the effects of chemotherapy and weight changes on the gut microbiome of breast cancer patients.

Methods: In this 1-year follow-up study, we investigated gut microbiome of 33 breast cancer patients who donated fecal samples at baseline and after completion of treatment. We compared alpha diversity and mean taxa abundance at baseline and absolute taxa abundance changes (final-baseline) by treatment (16 neoadjuvant [neoADJ], 13 adjuvant [ADJ], 4 no chemotherapy [noC]) and specific chemotherapy agent using Wilcoxon rank sum and negative binomial mixed model (NBMM) analysis.

Preliminary User Evaluation of a Physical Activity Smartphone App for Older Adults.

Objectives: Mobile health (mHealth) delivered through smartphone apps is a viable means of improving health behaviors. Technologies can be strengthened and made more age-inclusive by involving older adults as co-designers, resulting in more accessible and effective products. This study's purpose is to describe preliminary acceptability and feasibility of a physical activity (PA) app tailored to underactive older people.

Motor performance, praxis, and social skills in autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder.

Previous research has shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) may have overlapping social and motor skill impairments. This study compares ASD, DCD, and typically developing (TD) youth on a range of social, praxis and motor skills, and investigates the relationship between these skills in each group. Data were collected on participants aged 8-17 (n = 33 ASD, n = 28 DCD, n = 35 TD).

Understanding Worker Well-Being Relative to High-Workload and Recovery Activities across a Whole Day: Pilot Testing an Ecological Momentary Assessment Technique.

Occupational health and safety is experiencing a paradigm shift from focusing only on health at the workplace toward a holistic approach and worker well-being framework that considers both work and non-work factors. Aligned with this shift, the purpose of this pilot study was to examine how, within a person, frequencies of high-workload and recovery activities from both work and non-work periods were associated with same day well-being measures. We analyzed data on 45 workers with type 1 diabetes from whom we collected activity data 5-6 times daily over 14 days.

Brief Report: Caregiver Confidence in Reporting Anxiety Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Assessment of anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) most commonly includes parent questionnaires. However, due to the nature of the questions and verbal limitations often present in children with ASD, caregivers may have difficulty completing such measures. Caregivers of 144 children with ASD ages 6 to 12 completed the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4 ASD Anxiety Scale and rated their level of confidence in responding to each item.

Identifying Gaps in Oral Care Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Latinx Parents/Caregivers of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders.

This pilot study used data from a survey to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices about oral care of Latinx parents/caregivers of children with or without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to identify gaps to focus future intervention. Sixty English-speaking Latinx parents/caregivers who had a child between 4 and 14 years with or without ASD (=31 ASD, =29 typically developing [TD]) completed a questionnaire on oral health knowledge, practices, access to care, and demographics. Caregiver responses were compared, and gaps in knowledge and practices were identified.

Long-Term Follow-Up of a Lifestyle Intervention for Late-Midlife, Rural-Dwelling Latinos in Primary Care.

Importance: Rural-dwelling Latinos are an underresourced population in need of accessible and effective wellness programs.

Objective: To evaluate patients' long-term health-related outcomes after lifestyle intervention.

Design: An uncontrolled pilot trial assessing change in health from pretreatment to long-term follow-up (12 mo after intervention completion, no contact) and from posttreatment to long-term follow-up.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Survival after Breast Cancer Diagnosis by Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status: A Pooled Analysis.

Background: Limited studies have investigated racial/ethnic survival disparities for breast cancer defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status in a multiethnic population.

Methods: Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, we assessed associations of race/ethnicity with ER/PR-specific breast cancer mortality in 10,366 California women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1993 to 2009. We evaluated joint associations of race/ethnicity, health care, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors with mortality.

Mindful Body Scans and Sonographic Biofeedback as Preparatory Activities to Address Patient Psychological States in Hand Therapy: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Translational evidence for mind-body interventions in hand therapy is limited. This pilot study aimed to determine potential benefits of including a mindful body scan or sonographic biofeedback at the outset of a hand therapy session on key psychological states.

Methods: A randomized, repeated-measures, cross-over design was used to evaluate a mindful body scan and sonographic biofeedback at the outset of a hand therapy session.

Construct validity of the First-Year Inventory (FYI Version 2.0) in 12-month-olds at high-risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The First-Year Inventory 2.0 is a parent-report screening instrument designed to identify 12-month-old infants at risk for an eventual diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. This instrument focuses on Social-Communication and Sensory-Regulatory areas of infant behavior.

Effectiveness of social media (Facebook), targeted mailing, and in-person solicitation for the recruitment of young adult in a diabetes self-management clinical trial.

Background/aims: Research is needed to identify promising recruitment strategies to reach and engage diverse young adults in diabetes clinical research. The aim of this study was to examine the relative strengths and weaknesses of three recruitment strategies used in a diabetes self-management clinical trial: social media advertising (Facebook), targeted mailing, and in-person solicitation of clinic patients.

Methods: Strategies were compared in terms of (1) cost-effectiveness (i.

Hospital Characteristics and Breast Cancer Survival in the California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium.

Introduction: Racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer survival are well documented, but the influence of health care institutions is unclear. We therefore examined the effect of hospital characteristics on survival.

Methods: Harmonized data pooled from 5 case-control and prospective cohort studies within the California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium were linked to the California Cancer Registry and the California Neighborhoods Data System.

Gut microbiome associations with breast cancer risk factors and tumor characteristics: a pilot study.

Objective: To investigate the association between gut microbiome with breast tumor characteristics (receptor status, stage and grade) and known breast cancer risk factors.

Methods: In a pilot cross-sectional study of 37 incident breast cancer patients, fecal samples collected prior to chemotherapy were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene-based sequencing protocol. Alpha diversity and specific taxa by tumor characteristics and breast cancer risk factors were tested by Wilcoxon rank sum test, and by differential abundance analysis, using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model with adjustment for total counts, age and race/ethnicity.

Reducing the Pain Behind Opioid Prescribing in Primary Care.

Objective: To describe the efficacy of a comprehensive approach aimed at reducing opioid prescribing in an internal medicine resident clinic.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Internal medicine primary care resident clinic at a large urban academic medical center.

Contextualizing the Positive Effects of the Well Elderly 2 Trial: A Response to Schelly and Ohl (2019).

Importance: A recent reanalysis of data from the Well Elderly (WE) 2 study purportedly indicated that the intervention did not achieve clinically meaningful or statistically significant effects; this article addresses these criticisms.

Objective: To contextualize the WE 2 study as targeting a nonclinical population and demonstrate that the intervention produced substantively important, statistically significant effects.

Design: Secondary analysis of WE 2 intervention-based pre-post change scores.

The Performance of the First Year Inventory (FYI) Screening on a Sample of High-Risk 12-Month-Olds Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at 36 Months.

This study examined the performance of the First Year Inventory (FYI; version 2.0), a community-normed parent-reported screening instrument, in a high-risk (HR) sample of 12-month-olds with older siblings diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The FYI 2.

Addressing Diabetes in Primary Care: Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Study of Lifestyle Redesign Occupational Therapy.

Importance: Primary health care is rapidly developing as an occupational therapy practice area. Yet, to date, little evidence supports occupational therapy's feasibility and efficacy in primary care settings.

Objective: To report on the implementation and preliminary clinical outcomes of a Lifestyle Redesign (LR)-occupational therapy (LR-OT) diabetes management intervention in a primary care clinic.

Re-conceptualizing functional status through experiences of young adults with inflammatory arthritis.

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of inflammatory arthritis on young adults' activity participation using quantitative and qualitative methods to advance the field's conceptualization of functional status. Young adults diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis completed (1) the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index to determine functional status and (2) the day reconstruction method to explore experiential dimensions of function, including functional performance, functional satisfaction, and severity of arthritis symptoms during activities on the previous day. Bivariate analyses were conducted to examine relationships between functional status, experiential variables, and demographic variables.

Factors Protecting Against Pressure Injuries in Medically Underserved Adults With Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative Study.

Pressure injuries negatively impact quality of life and participation for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). To examine the factors that may protect against the development of medically serious pressure injuries in adults with SCI. A qualitative analysis was conducted using treatment notes regarding 50 socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals who did not develop medically serious pressure injuries during a 12-month pressure injury prevention intervention program.

Psychosocial and Behavioral Correlates of A1C and Quality of Life Among Young Adults With Diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationships between behavioral and psychosocial constructs, A1C, and diabetes-dependent quality of life (DQoL) among low-socioeconomic status, ethnically diverse young adults with diabetes.

Methods: Using baseline data of 81 participants in the Resilient, Empowered, Active Living (REAL) randomized controlled trial, behavioral, cognitive, affective, and experiential variables were correlated with A1C and DQoL while adjusting for demographic characteristics, and these relationships were examined for potential effect modification.

Results: The data indicate that depressive symptoms and satisfaction with daily activities are associated with both A1C and DQoL, while diabetes knowledge and participation in daily activities are associated with neither A1C nor DQoL.

The association of health-related quality of life with unmet supportive care needs and sociodemographic factors in low-income Latina breast cancer survivors: a single-centre pilot study.

Determine correlations between health-related quality of life (HRQOL), supportive care need, and sociodemographic factors in low-income Latina breast cancer survivors. A descriptive, survey-based, cross-sectional study was completed with 102 low-income Latina breast cancer survivors at a major public safety net hospital. Correlation coefficients were calculated between number of unmet supportive care needs (per Supportive Care Needs Survey), HRQOL (per SF-36), and sociodemographic variables.

Supportive care priorities of low-income Latina breast cancer survivors.

Purpose: This study investigated the supportive care needs of a sample of low-income Latina breast cancer survivors.

Methods: Ninety-nine Spanish-speaking breast cancer survivors who self-identified as Latina and reported an income below the US Census Bureau low-income threshold were recruited from the oncology clinic of a major public safety net hospital. Eligible participants completed the supportive care needs survey (SCNS-SF34) and a demographic questionnaire.

Evaluation of ¡Vivir Mi Vida! to improve health and wellness of rural-dwelling, late middle-aged Latino adults: results of a feasibility and pilot study of a lifestyle intervention.

Unlabelled: AimThe aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of a culturally tailored lifestyle intervention, ¡Vivir Mi Vida! (Live My Life!). This intervention was designed to improve the health and well-being of high risk late middle-aged Latino adults and to be implemented in a rural primary care system.

Background: Rural-dwelling Latino adults experience higher rates of chronic disease compared with their urban counterparts, a disparity exacerbated by limited access to healthcare services.