Unraveling the Constrained Cell Growth in Engineered Living Materials.

Engineered living materials (ELMs) leverage the integrative advantages of materials science and synthetic biology for advanced functionalities. Predicting and controlling cellular behavior are essential for designing and building ELMs, requiring a fundamental understanding of the growth dynamics of encapsulated cells. Here, we interrogate the interference of constrained growth with the engineered functionalities and cellular physiology of cyanobacteria and unveil the dynamic interaction between cell growth and spatial confinements within photosynthetic ELMs.

[Community structure of collembolan in degraded red soil under different restoration vegetation types].

With the degraded red soils of eroded bare land (I), xeric mesophilous herbosa (II), sparse coniferous woodland (III), coniferous woodland (IV), coniferous-broadleaf mixed woodland (V), and evergreen broadleaf forest (CK) as test objects, this paper studied the effects of vegetation restoration on the collembolan communities in degraded red soil. A total of 23 genera belonging to seven families and two suborders were observed, including dominant taxa such as Folsomia, Folsomina, and Sminthurinus. The characteristics of soil collembolan community were analyzed by using the indices such as individual density, taxa number, diversity, abundance, and evenness.