Impact of clinical factors on reproducibility of dopamine transporter imaging: A 99mTc-TRODAT SPECT study with sufficient size.

Objective: Reproducible measurement of dopamine transporter (DAT) availability is crucial for research investigating group differences or within-subject changes. However, existing DAT imaging test-retest studies are limited by short between-session intervals, restricted participant representativeness, and small sample sizes.

Methods: Fifty-seven healthy subjects (27 female, 30 male) underwent two 99mTc-TRODAT SPECT scans to assess DAT availability, with between-session intervals ranging from 18 to 129 days.

Exploratory study of associations between monetary reward anticipation brain responses and mu-opioid signalling in alcohol dependence, gambling disorder and healthy controls.

Alcohol dependence (AD) and gambling disorder (GD) are common addiction disorders with significant physical and mental health consequences. AD and GD are associated with dysregulated responses to reward which could be due to a common mechanism of dysregulated endogenous opioid signalling. We explored associations between reward anticipation responses, using the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task, and mu-opioid receptor (MOR) availability and endogenous opioid release capacity using [C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET), in 13 AD, 15 GD and 14 heathy control (HC) participants.

Exploring fNIRS-Based Brain State Recognition and Visualization through the use of Explainable Convolutional Neural Networks.

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging technique that has grown vigorously in recent years. With noticeable attention, machine learning methods have also been applied to fNIRS. However, the current approach lacks interpretability of the results.

The use of sertraline to treat an adolescent of dystonia comorbid with major depressive disorder with psychotic features.

Dystonia is characterized by sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions. Psychiatric symptoms are essential non-motor features of dystonia, and higher risks of depressive and anxiety disorders have been reported. The precedence of psychiatric to motor symptoms in some patients and the dopaminergic and serotonergic system involvement in both the motor and psychiatric aspects suggest these psychiatric disorders may be intrinsic to the neurobiology of dystonia.

Correction to: Imaging and Genetic Approaches to Inform Biomarkers for Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders, and PSTD.

This chapter was inadvertently published with Fig. 1 which do not belong to this chapter and hence Fig. 1 is deleted from this chapter later.

Imaging and Genetic Approaches to Inform Biomarkers for Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders, and PSTD.

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem in the world and also claim the highest health care cost among various neuropsychiatric disorders. Anxiety disorders have a chronic and recurrent course and cause significantly negative impacts on patients' social, personal, and occupational functioning as well as quality of life. Despite their high prevalence rates, anxiety disorders have often been under-diagnosed or misdiagnosed, and consequently under-treated.

Quetiapine Related Acute Paralytic Ileus in a Bipolar I Disorder Patient with Successful Low Dose Amisulpride Substitution: A Case Report.

The mechanism of medication-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility is primarily caused by muscarinic cholinergic antagonism. This effect may cause constipation and paralytic ileus, which may lead to fatal complications. A 51-year-old woman was admitted due to manic episode recurrence.

Functional Connectivity Density Mapping of Depressive Symptoms and Loneliness in Non-Demented Elderly Male.

Background: Depression and loneliness are prevalent and highly correlated phenomena among the elderly and influence both physical and mental health. Brain functional connectivity changes associated with depressive symptoms and loneliness are not fully understood.

Methods: A cross-sectional functional MRI study was conducted among 85 non-demented male elders.

A reduced risk of stroke with lithium exposure in bipolar disorder: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: The risk of stroke is increased in patients with bipolar disorder. Lithium exhibits neuroprotective effects but the association between lithium use and the risk of stroke is unknown.

Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted by utilizing the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan.

Structural and functional correlates of a quantitative autistic trait measured using the social responsive scale in neurotypical male adolescents.

Behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been suggested to be considered as quantitative traits. This study investigated the structural and functional correlates of autistic traits measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) in neurotypical adolescents. Twenty-six neurotypical male adolescents (12-18 years old) were recruited for this study and underwent structural and resting functional magnetic resonance image scanning, and intelligence quotient and SRS evaluations.

Acute exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms during influenza treatment with oseltamivir in chronic schizophrenia.

Influenza treatment and prophylaxis with oseltamivir are critically important in reducing the morbidity and mortality of patients in chronic psychiatric facilities. Abnormal behavior, delusions, perceptual disturbances, mania, and depression have all been reported as oseltamivir-related psychiatric side effects. We hereby report two chronic schizophrenia patients in Taiwan manifesting psychiatric instability who were being treated with oseltamivir for suspected influenza infection, and further discuss other potential contributing factors.

Differential relations between fronto-limbic metabolism and executive function in patients with remitted bipolar I and bipolar II disorder.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resting brain glucose metabolism and cognitive profiles in patients with remitted bipolar I disorder (BD-I) and bipolar II disorder (BD-II). We hypothesized that BD-I patients (compared to BD-II patients) would perform worse on tests of cognitive function because of abnormal metabolism in the prefrontal cortex and other mood-related brain areas.

Methods: Thirty-four patients with remitted bipolar disorder (BD) (BD-I = 17, BD-II = 17) under treatment and 17 well-matched healthy controls received both fluorodeoxyglucose ((18) F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and neuropsychological tests of attention, memory, and executive function.

Treatment dilemma in comorbidity of schizophrenia and idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Extrapyramidal symptoms are frequently found in patients with schizophrenia. Most are attributed as drug-induced parkinsonism, but comorbidity of idiopathic Parkinson's disease is also possible. We report a 59-year-old male with a diagnosis of schizophrenia for 32 years.