Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Chondrocyte Function by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Chondrocytes.

Articular cartilage (AC) has a very limited capacity for self-healing once damaged. Chondrocytes maintain AC homeostasis and are key cells in AC tissue engineering (ACTE). However, chondrocytes lose their function due to oxidative stress.

Comparisons of miRNA profiles of exosomes derived from human iPSCs, ADSCs, and BMSCs and effects on chondrocyte function.

Aims: This study aimed to identify and compare the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of exosomes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) (hiPSC-Exos, hBMSC-Exos, and hADSC-Exos), and their functional effects on human articular chondrocytes (hACs).

Methods: hiPSC-Exos, hBMSC-Exos, and hADSC-Exos were collected from the appropriate cells cultured in 10% bovine exosome-depleted fetal bovine serum (de-Exo-FBS) for 48 hours. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics were used to analyze the small RNA profiles of these exosomes.

Percutaneous continuous vagal stimulation provided superior neuromonitoring over the peroral electrode in transoral thyroidectomy.

Background: Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (C-IONM) has been developed and used in open thyroidectomy to perceive imminent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, but has scarcely been reported in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) due to technical difficulty. This study aims to report the percutaneous C-IONM technology in TOETVA and compare it with the conventional peroral method to confirm its feasibility, safety, and effectiveness.

Methods: This prospective study included 102 consecutive patients who received TOETVA and standardized continuous vagal nerve (VN) stimulation via percutaneous insertion of commercially available handheld stimulation probe into the moderately dissected carotid space between carotid artery and internal jugular vein and fixed by an external fixator (PC group, n = 52 with 67 nerves at risk [NAR]) or conventional peroral DELTA electrode (DELTA group, n = 50 with 61 NAR).

Anthropometric Measures, Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves Diameter, Electromyographic Responses and Vocal Cord Paralysis Risk.

Objectives: To examine (1) the relationship between anthropometric measurements and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) diameter; (2) whether thin RLNs have different baseline electromyographic (EMG) characteristics; (3) if thin or branched morphology is associated with increased risk of EMG adverse events, loss of signal (LOS) or vocal cord paresis/paralysis (VCP).

Methods: In this prospective study, anthropometric data were collected, including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, shoulder diameter, and circumference of the right middle finger (RMF) or right ring finger (RRF).

Results: We enrolled 216 patients who underwent surgery from 2016 to 2020 with 307 RLNs at risk.

Estimation the Maximum Tolerance Activity of Blood by a Simple Algorithm Method in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients Treated With Empirical Radioactive Iodine Dosing Based on Risk Stratification.

After total thyroidectomy for pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the subsequent radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment is a robust therapy, the dosing of which is a major concern. This study was designed to evaluate the "as high as safe administration" (AHASA) principle of RAI treatment in pediatric DTC patients based on the maximum tolerance activity (MTA) of blood to certify dosimetry via a simple algorithm method. Twenty pediatric DTC patients were enrolled and received RAI treatment empirical dosing based on risk stratification after total thyroidectomy.

The use of thyroid cartilage needle electrodes during intra-operative nerve monitoring in thyroid surgery: A multi-center retrospective study.

In previous studies, the use of thyroid cartilage needle electrodes (TCN) was defined as an inexpensive method for intra-operative nerve monitoring (IONM) in thyroid surgery. This multi-center retrospective study aims to determine the effectiveness and reliability of TCN in thyroid surgery. Patients operated on between January 2018 and August 2023 from five centers were included in this study.

Neuromuscular Blockade Antagonism for Thyroid Surgery During Intraoperative Neural Monitoring-An Anesthesia Perspective.

Thyroid surgery with intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) requires precise anesthetic management. This narrative review compares non-selective (neostigmine) and selective (sugammadex) reversal agents for neuromuscular blockade (NMB), discussing their mechanisms of action and the challenges of achieving optimal NMB reversal without compromising surgical conditions or IONM quality. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for studies published up to November 2023.

Intraoperative Management of Parathyroid Glands and Long-Term Outcome of Parathyroid Function Following Total Thyroidectomy.

In situ preservation is the primary strategy to preserve parathyroid gland (PG) function during thyroid surgery, while autotransplantation is used when inadvertent removal or devascularization occurs. Deciding on the optimal approach intraoperatively for exposed PGs remains challenging. This study evaluates intraoperative PG management strategies and long-term outcomes of PG function following total thyroidectomy.

Feasibility of Cricothyroid Muscle Needle Electrode for Monitored Thyroidectomy.

Objectives: Preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) is essential to maintain voice function after thyroidectomy. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) assists in nerve preservation. This study compares three IONM modalities, endotracheal surface electrode (ETSE), thyroid cartilage needle electrodes (TCNE), and cricothyroid muscle needle electrode (CTNE), in their monitoring of laryngeal muscle electromyographic (EMG) amplitude.

The INMSG Survey on the Loss of Signal Management on the First Side During Planned Bilateral Thyroid Surgery.

Background: The aim of this study is to describe the management and associated follow-up strategies adopted by thyroid surgeons with different surgical volumes when loss of signal (LOS) occurred on the first side of planned bilateral thyroid surgery, and to further define the consensus on intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) applications.

Methods: The International Neural Monitoring Study Group (INMSG) web-based survey was sent to 950 thyroid surgeons worldwide. The survey included information on the participants, IONM team/equipment/procedure, intraoperative/postoperative management of LOS, and management of LOS on the first side of thyroidectomy for benign and malignant disease.

Intraoperative neuromonitoring during thyroidectomy does not decrease vocal cord palsy risk, but the cumulative experience of the surgeon may.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) on vocal cord palsy (VCP) rates and assess the temporal trends in VCP rates.

Methods: The subjects of this retrospective study were patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer between March, 2014 and June, 2022, at a university hospital in Korea. We compared VCP rates between the non-IONM and IONM groups and analyzed the risk factors for VCP and VCP rates over time.

Detection of micro-plasma-induced exosomes secretion in a fibroblast-melanoma co-culture model.

Background: Melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor and a significant cause of skin cancer-related death. Timely diagnosis and treatment require identification of specific biomarkers in exosomes secreted by melanoma cells. In this study, label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method with size-matched selectivity was used to detect membrane proteins in exosomes released from a stimulated environment of fibroblasts (L929) co-cultured with melanoma cells (B16-F10).

Bacterial Colonization on Endoscopic Materials and Surgical Field Without Infections After Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy.

Introduction: Our aim was to determine whether bacteria contamination occurred within the surgical field or on endoscopic equipment during surgery using the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA).

Materials And Methods: Participants were recruited from patients planned for TOETVA between May 2017 and December 2019. Bacterial samples were taken before and at the conclusion of the TOETVA procedure.

Comparison of EMG amplitudes recorded by ipsilateral and contralateral electrodes placement during using trans-thyroid cartilage recording method in thyroid surgery.

Objectives: The feasibility and reliability of trans-thyroid cartilage EMG recording method (TCERM) during intraoperative monitoring (IONM) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in thyroid surgery have been established. This study compared two different recording electrode placements on the ipsi-lateral and contra-lateral lamina of the thyroid cartilage (TC).

Methods: Fifty consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy with 100 RLNs at risk were enrolled.

Use of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence During Total Thyroidectomy to Identify Parathyroid Glands and Prevent Hypoparathyroidism.

Introduction: Total thyroidectomy is associated with a high rate of transient or permanent hypoparathyroidism. During surgery, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescein angiography can be used to detect and preserve well-vascularized parathyroid glands. This technique has been introduced as an intraoperative support to prevent postoperative hypoparathyroidism.

Enhanced mitigation of inhalable particles and fine particle-bound PAHs from a novel hazardous waste-power plant candidate.

Emissions of the inhalable particle (d < 10 μm, PM) and their harmful compositions from combustion sources have high potential on health risk with nearly no regulation. This study investigates the particle size distribution (PSD), as well as the removal mechanism of PM and fine particle (FP)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the flue gas of a hazardous waste thermal treatment system. It has ultralow regulated emission and becomes a candidate of power generation module.

Bilayer osteochondral graft in rabbit xenogeneic transplantation model comprising sintered 3D-printed bioceramic and human adipose-derived stem cells laden biohydrogel.

Reconstruction of severe osteochondral defects in articular cartilage and subchondral trabecular bone remains a challenging problem. The well-integrated bilayer osteochondral graft design expects to be guided the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation for stem cells and provides a promising solution for osteochondral tissue repair in this study. The subchondral bone scaffold approach is based on the developed finer and denser 3D β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffold process, which is made using a digital light processing (DLP) technology and the novel photocurable negative thermo-responsive (NTR) bioceramic slurry.

Exosomes Derived from Hypoxia-Cultured Human Adipose Stem Cells Alleviate Articular Chondrocyte Inflammaging and Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Progression.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age-related degenerative joint disease. Inflammaging, linking inflammation and aging, is found in senescent cells with the secretions of matrix-degrading proteins and proinflammatory cytokines. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) plays a very important role in OA progression.

Relationships between serum levels of vitamins and papillary thyroid cancer: a single center case-control study.

Background: Vitamins are involved in various human physiological and biochemical mechanisms due to their antioxidant properties and their ability to enhance the immune response. Deficiency of some serum vitamins has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of developing cancer, including thyroid cancer. However, medical literature dealing with cholecalciferol supplementation was not able to show the potential of this intervention in cancer prevention.

Multimodal Analgesia with Local Wound Infiltration and Intravenous Parecoxib for Thyroidectomy.

: Adequate postoperative pain control is an important component to enhance recovery. Multimodal analgesia with various pain control techniques has been widely used to alleviate postoperative pain. The use of either wound infiltration or a superficial cervical plexus block has been reported to be effective for pain management after thyroid surgery.