Diagnosis and management of yellow nail syndrome: An international multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of 111 cases by an expert panel.

Background: Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare syndrome with unknown pathogenesis characterized by a clinical triad of respiratory disease, lymphedema, and xanthonychia. Diagnosis is challenging as clinical manifestations often do not occur concurrently. Due to disease rarity, few studies to date have characterized YNS or assessed therapeutics.

Nail Changes in Secondary Syphilis: A Report of 3 Cases and Review of Literature.

Introduction: Nail changes have been described in syphilis in all stages. However, they can be subtle and easy to miss. At the same time, they are valuable indicators towards underlying pathology as nail is a useful "window to systemic disease.

Association of Nail Psoriasis with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a forerunner for adverse cardiovascular events. Its association with nail psoriasis has not been much explored. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate metabolic syndrome in patients with nail psoriasis as compared to psoriasis patients without nail involvement and healthy controls.

Global onychomycosis management and the challenges of antifungal stewardship.

Purpose: Onychomycosis, in contrast to other routine superficial dermatophyte infections, is difficult to treat and poor outcomes are not unusual. Few guidelines for onychomycosis management have been published, and these vary considerably from region to region. To meet global antifungal stewardship (AFS) goals, there must be global management guidelines for clinicians to follow in their onychomycosis practice.

Subungual Eccrine Poroma: An Unusual Location.

Introduction: Eccrine poroma is a rare benign adnexal tumor that originates from the acrosyringium of eccrine sweat ducts, typically found on palms and soles. Its occurrence in subungual location is rare, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. We present the details of subungual eccrine poroma, emphasizing its unusual presentation, dermoscopic features, and management.

Impact of Metformin Therapy on Chronic Inflammatory Markers Serum Fractalkine and CRP Levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Study on Chronic Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Outcomes.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 8-13% depending on diagnostic criteria. Its pathophysiology is linked to insulin resistance and resulting chronic inflammation. This study compares serum levels of fractalkine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), markers of chronic inflammation, in PCOS patients before and after metformin therapy.

Insight into Paediatric Versus Adult Leprosy: A Comparative, Analytical Study from India.

Background: Pediatric leprosy, though relatively less common compared to adult cases, presents challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and management. Despite global efforts to eradicate leprosy, it remains endemic in certain regions, particularly low-resource settings.

Objectives: To analyse differences in clinical presentation of pediatric leprosy as compared to adult leprosy from leprosy clinic records of a tertiary care hospital and outline the clinical implications.

Clinical and Onychoscopy Patterns In Fingernail Onychomycosis - A Study By The International Dermoscopy Society "Trichoscopy and Onychoscopy" Task Force.

Introduction: Onychomycosis is one of the most common nail diseases. Fingernail onychomycosis is significantly less frequent than toenail onychomycosis and it is often misdiagnosed due to its subtle clinical presentations.

Objectives: We sought to analyze the clinical and onychoscopic features of culture-proven cases of fingernail onychomycosis in adult and pediatric patients.

Agreement Between Nail Psoriasis Severity Index Scores by a Convolutional Neural Network and Dermatologists: A Retrospective Study at an Academic New York City Institution.

Background: Nail psoriasis (NP) affects up to 90% and 86% of patients with cutaneous psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, respectively, with a significant impact on quality-of-life. The Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) is infrequently used in clinical practice owing to its labor-intensive nature and variable interobserver reliability.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess performance and inter-reader agreement between artificial intelligence (AI)-determined NAPSI scores and dermatologist-assigned scores.

Navigating through the complexities of bullous presentation of cutaneous lichen planus: A comparative study.

Introduction: Bullous spectrum of cutaneous lichen planus has two distinct forms lichen planus pemphigoids (LPPs) and bullous lichen planus (BLP). There is paucity of literature on the clinical, histopathological, and immunological profile of this rare presentation. We aim to describe the clinical, histological, and immunological features of this distinct form further proposing an algorithmic approach for diagnosis.

Effectiveness and Safety of Intramatricial Triamcinolone Acetonide for Trachyonychia: A Retrospective Data Analysis.

Introduction: Trachyonychia is a clinical presentation characterised by dry, rough, longitudinally ridged nails or opalescent shiny nail plates with pits. Intramatricial steroids are an accepted form of therapy, but efficacy data are lacking.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective data analysis of 6 patients (84 nails) with trachyonychia who received treatment for at least 6 sessions, with intramatricial triamcinolone acetonide (TA) (5 mg/mL), administered at 4 weekly intervals, was conducted.

Giant Cell Tumor of Flexor Tendon Sheath: An Interesting Clinical Presentation as Subungual Growth.

Introduction: Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS), presenting as a subungual mass, is a diagnostic challenge and requires differentiation from other subungual tumors such as fibroma of tendon sheath and superficial acral fibromyxoma.

Case Report: We describe a 32-year-old female patient with a relatively rare subungual presentation of GCTTS. The patient presented with slowly enlarging, painless subungual swelling over the dorsum of the right thumb, raising the proximo-lateral nail plate, extending under the proximal nail fold.

Dermatologist Driven Aesthetic Nail Enhancement.

Background: Nail aesthetic procedures so far have been a neglected domain of nail medicine. With changing times, more people are getting sensitized towards nail enhancement; hence, there is an ever-increasing need for dermatologist driven aesthetic nail procedures.

Discussion: The management of various nail disorders takes a long time and might not be very rewarding with regard to complete aesthetic improvement.

Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Management of Nail Disorders: A Narrative Review.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling systems to perform tasks traditionally requiring human intelligence. In healthcare, AI encompasses various subfields, including machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and expert systems. In the specific domain of onychology, AI presents a promising avenue for diagnosing nail disorders, analyzing intricate patterns, and improving diagnostic accuracy.

Nail unit incision lines: A tool to minimize nail unit scarring.

Langer's lines, lines of cleavage, and biodynamic excisional skin tension (BEST) lines have been defined for cutaneous surgery to ensure excisional wound closure with the least tension on any part of the body and minimize scarring. This article describes nail unit incision lines (NUIL) with a similar perspective. NUIL are followed by nail surgeons to help regrowth of a normal nail; however, they are not widely understood or respected during nail surgery.

Diagnosis and management of subungual and periungual verruca: A clinical review.

Nail unit verruca is the most common nail tumor encountered in clinical practice and may be highly distressing to patients due to reduced functionality, cosmesis, and stigmatization. Subungual and periungual verrucae present a challenge for treatment compared to cutaneous warts of other sites and recurrence rates are high. The risk of spread to other skin and mucosal areas inherent to all warts may be increased given location on the fingertips.