Preoperative controlling nutritional status score for patients with medullary thyroid cancer.

Purpose: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is aggressive in nature compared with differentiated thyroid cancer, with a poor 10-year overall survival rate. Given the effect of the immune-inflammatory system on the survival of patients with cancer, the aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the preoperative Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score in patients with MTC.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study included 221 patients with MTC who underwent thyroidectomy at four tertiary hospitals.

Comprehensive Proteomics and Machine Learning Analysis to Distinguish Follicular Adenoma and Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma from Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules.

Backgruound: The preoperative diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is challenging because it cannot be readily distinguished from follicular adenoma (FA) or benign follicular nodular disease (FND) using the sonographic and cytological features typically employed in clinical practice.

Methods: We employed comprehensive proteomics and machine learning (ML) models to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers capable of classifying three subtypes: FTC, FA, and FND. Bottom-up proteomics techniques were applied to quantify proteins in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) thyroid tissues.

Prognostic Impact of Primary Tumor Size in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma without Lymph Node Metastasis.

Backgruound: We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of primary tumor size in patients with pT1-T3a N0 M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), minimizing the impact of confounding factors.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study included 5,759 patients with PTC. Those with lymph node metastasis, gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and aggressive variants were excluded.

Dynamic Risk Model for the Medical Treatment of Graves' Hyperthyroidism according to Treatment Duration.

Backgruound: Changes in thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) levels are associated with the clinical outcomes of Graves' hyperthyroidism. However, the effects of the patterns of TRAb changes on patient prognosis according to the treatment duration of antithyroid drugs (ATDs) are not well established.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 1,235 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism who were treated with ATDs for more than 12 months were included.

Tumor Growth Kinetics Based on Initial Tumor Volume Doubling Time in Active Surveillance of Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

During active surveillance (AS) of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), the majority remain stable, while some exhibit either an increase or a decrease in tumor diameter or tumor volume (TV). We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and relevant parameters influencing tumor growth kinetics of low-risk PTCs. This retrospective cohort study evaluated clinical parameters of 402 patients with low-risk PTC sized <2 cm, with a follow-up duration over 3 years.

Prognostic Roles of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer Treated with Lenvatinib.

Backgruound: Inflammatory biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), serve as valuable prognostic indicators in various cancers. This multicenter, retrospective cohort study assessed the treatment outcomes of lenvatinib in 71 patients with radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory thyroid cancer, considering the baseline inflammatory biomarkers.

Methods: This study retrospectively included patients from five tertiary hospitals in Korea whose complete blood counts were available before lenvatinib treatment.

Morphometric Analysis of Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Using Digital Pathology.

Digital pathology uses digitized images for cancer research. We aimed to assess morphometric parameters using digital pathology for predicting recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and lateral cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis. We analyzed 316 PTC patients and assessed the longest diameter and largest area of metastatic focus in LNs using a whole slide imaging scanner.

Undercover active surveillance of small highly suspicious thyroid nodules without fine needle aspiration.

Purpose: Active surveillance (AS) is an alternative treatment approach for small, low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of small, highly suspicious nodules lacking initial cytological confirmation.

Methods: This study included 112 patients with highly suspicious nodules measuring ≤ 10 mm who underwent serial ultrasound at Asan Medical Center, Korea, between 2010 and 2023.

Changes in peripheral blood immune cell population in thyroid cancer patients treated with lenvatinib.

This study evaluated changes in the peripheral blood immune cell population in patients with advanced thyroid cancer receiving lenvatinib treatment to confirm the immune-modulatory effect of lenvatinib. After obtaining informed consent from patients, we prospectively collected 20 ml of whole blood at 2-3 months intervals 2-4 times from each patient; peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated, and the Maxpar Direct Immune Profiling Assay was performed. A total of 10 patients were enrolled, and 31 blood samples were obtained.

Serum thyroglobulin testing after thyroid lobectomy in patients with 1-4 cm papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: The role of measuring serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in patients who have undergone lobectomy has not been proven. The goal of this research is to see if serum Tg levels can predict the recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) after lobectomy.

Methods: The 463 patients with 1-4 cm PTC who underwent lobectomy between January 2005 and December 2012, were included in this retrospective cohort study.

Long-term follow-up result of antithyroid drug treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism in a large cohort.

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of antithyroid drugs (ATDs) and risk factors associated with the recurrence of Graves' hyperthyroidism using a comprehensive retrospective cohort.

Methods: We included 1829 patients newly diagnosed with Graves' hyperthyroidism, with sufficient follow-up data. Clinical outcomes of the patients and risk factors associated with recurrence-free survival, including the changes in thyrotropin receptor antibody, were evaluated.