Efficacy of Antithrombotic Therapy and Risk of Hemorrhagic Complication in Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury Patients with Concomitant Injury: A Systematic Review.

Background: The risk-benefit balance of antithrombotic therapy administration for blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) patients with concomitant injuries at high risk for bleeding is an ongoing therapeutic conundrum for trauma clinicians. We performed a systematic review to assess the reported efficacy and safety of treatment in this population with respect to prevention of ischemic stroke and risk of hemorrhagic complications.

Study Design: A systematic electronic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was performed from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2021.

Survival and Recurrence Outcomes Following Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Grade 2 Intracranial Meningiomas: 13-Year Experience in a Tertiary-Care Center.

Objective: We sought to evaluate overall survival (OS) and local recurrence (LR) in patients with grade 2 meningiomas treated with adjuvant radiotherapy compared to surgery alone at time of diagnosis.

Methods: All patients at the authors' institution between 2007 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. OS, LR, and treatment toxicities were assessed.

The impact of brain invasion criteria on the incidence and distribution of WHO grade 1, 2, and 3 meningiomas.

Background: In 2016 brain invasion was added as a standalone diagnostic criterion for Grade 2 meningiomas in the WHO Classification of Brain Tumors. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and distribution of meningiomas, and agreement, between the 2007 and 2016 WHO criteria.

Methods: All cases of intracranial meningiomas diagnosed between 2007 and 2020 at a tertiary care academic hospital were identified.

Trametinib therapy for children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and life-threatening plexiform neurofibroma or treatment-refractory low-grade glioma.

Purpose: To describe a series of children with extensive PNF or treatment refractory PLGG treated on a compassionate basis with trametinib.

Methods: We report on six patients with NF-1 treated with trametinib on a compassionate basis at British Columbia Children's Hospital since 2017. Data were collected retrospectively from the patient record.

Dopamine neurons gate the intersection of cocaine use, decision making, and impulsivity.

Gambling and substance use disorders are highly comorbid. Both clinical populations are impulsive and exhibit risky decision-making. Drug-associated cues have long been known to facilitate habitual drug-seeking, and the salient audiovisual cues embedded within modern gambling products may likewise encourage problem gambling.

Prior Exposure to Salient Win-Paired Cues in a Rat Gambling Task Increases Sensitivity to Cocaine Self-Administration and Suppresses Dopamine Efflux in Nucleus Accumbens: Support for the Reward Deficiency Hypothesis of Addiction.

Rats trained to perform a version of the rat gambling task (rGT) in which salient audiovisual cues accompany reward delivery, similar to commercial gambling products, show greater preference for risky options. Given previous demonstrations that probabilistic reinforcement schedules can enhance psychostimulant-induced increases in accumbal DA and locomotor activity, we theorized that performing this cued task could perpetuate a proaddiction phenotype. Significantly more rats developed a preference for the risky options in the cued versus uncued rGT at baseline, and this bias was further exacerbated by cocaine self-administration, whereas the choice pattern of optimal decision-makers was unaffected.