Risk stratification refinements with inclusion of haemodynamic variables at follow-up in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: Haemodynamic variables are prognostic factors in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, right heart catheterisation (RHC) is not systematically recommended to assess the risk status during follow-up. This study aimed to assess the added value of haemodynamic variables in prevalent patients to predict the risk of death or lung transplantation according to their risk status assessed by the non-invasive four-strata model as recommended by the European guidelines.

Pharmacological management of connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe, progressive pulmonary vasculopathy (Group 1 Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)) that complicates the course of many connective tissue diseases (CTD). Detailed testing is required to differentiate PAH from other types of PH caused by CTD such as left heart disease (Group 2 PH), pulmonary parenchymal disease (Group 3 PH), and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (Group 4 PH). PAH is most frequently seen in systemic sclerosis but can also be seen with systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed CTD, and primary Sjogren's syndrome.

Sex and gender in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterised by pulmonary vascular remodelling and elevated pulmonary pressure, which eventually leads to right heart failure and death. Registries worldwide have noted a female predominance of the disease, spurring particular interest in hormonal involvement in the disease pathobiology. Several experimental models have shown both protective and deleterious effects of oestrogens, suggesting that complex mechanisms participate in PAH pathogenesis.

Fulminant Hepatic Failure in the Course of an Outpatient Anesthetic Procedure: Sevoflurane among Other High-Risk Factors.

A 20-year-old man underwent an outpatient general anesthetic procedure with sevoflurane for the correction of a bilateral gynecomastia. The patient had been first exposed to sevoflurane two years before, without any complication. He presented an overweight with a body mass index (BMI) of 31.