Effects of empagliflozin on cyclophosphamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats without diabetes.

Background/aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of empagliflozin on cyclophosphamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats.

Materials And Methods: A total of 32 male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups with 8 rats in each: the control group, cyclophosphamide group, empagliflozin group, and cyclophosphamide plus empagliflozin group. At the end of the experiment the rats' brains were removed for biochemical analysis of oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, total sulfhydryl, total oxidant status, and total antioxidant capacity) and histopathological analysis.

Case Series: Exposure to Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist in the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Two Siblings.

Background: The safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in pregnancy is under investigation. In this report, we want to share the results of a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome who applied to our outpatient clinic for diabetes and had two unplanned pregnancies following the initiation of exenatide for obesity treatment.

Case Presentation: A 40-year-old woman with diabetes was admitted to the endocrinology outpatient clinic.

A Case Presenting with Neck Pain and High Sedimentation Rate: Amyloid Goiter.

Introduction: Amyloid goiter is a rare disease characterized by amyloid deposits that cause sudden growth in the thyroid gland.

Case Presentation: Here we present a case of a 26-year-old woman with euthyroid amyloid goiter who presented with subacute granulomatous thyroiditis clinic. Amyloid goiter was detected as a result of core biopsy from the thyroid parenchyma of the patient with sudden thyroid enlargement.

The role of IL-6 and osteoprotegerin in bone metabolism in patients with Graves' disease.

Background: Increased bone turnover is a hallmark of hyperthyroidism. The underlying factors of how thyroid hormones affect bone cells are still under the spotlight. Previous studies indicated serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as mediators of the effect of thyroid hormones on bone metabolism.

Renoprotective effects of dapagliflozin in an iron overload non-diabetic rat model.

Purpose: Sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors are oral anti-diabetic drugs with proven kidney protective effects. Renal protective effects in non-diabetic individuals have also been shown in recent studies. The aim of this study was to determine the renal protective effects of dapagliflozin by evaluating the oxidative stress markers in the kidney tissue and demonstrating it in renal histological sections in an iron-overloaded rat model.

Pedabarography May Play a Role in Foot Plantar Scanning in Acromegaly.

Aims: Acromegaly is associated with symptoms in many organs, including the heart, colon, skin, bones, and many joints. Patients with long-term treatment or biochemical control still suffer from acromegaly arthropathy (AA). Primarily, the weight-bearing joints of the lower extremity are affected and at last deformation emerges.

Dietary Acid Load Associated with Hypertension and Diabetes in the Elderly.

Background: Diet can affect the body's acid-base balance due to its content of acid or base precursors. There is conflicting evidence for the role of metabolic acidosis in the development of cardiometabolic disorders, hypertension (HT), and insulin resistance (IR).

Objective: We hypothesized that dietary acid load (DAL) is associated with adverse metabolic risk factors and aimed to investigate this in the elderly.

Ameliorating effects of N-acetyl cysteine against early liver damage of radioiodine in rats.

Objective: The present study was aimed to explore the potential ameliorating effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against radioiodine (RAI)-induced early liver damage.

Methods: Thirty Wistar Albino male rats were arbitrarily allocated into three groups each containing 10 rats: the control group (group 1); the RAI group (group 2), oral 111 MBq/kg radioiodine was administered to rats; the RAI + NAC group (group 3), 150 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal NAC treatment was initiated 3 days prior to the RAI administration and continued for 10 days. Liver samples were obtained 24 h after the last dose of NAC therapy for biochemical and histopathologic evaluation.

Effects of empagliflozin against indomethacin induced gastric mucosa.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) are considered a new class antidiabetic agent, as well as lowering blood sugar, it has many positive effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SLGT2i on the gastric mucosa.

Methods: We investigated the effects of empagliflozin on indomethacin-induced gastritis using 48 male Wistar Albino rats.

Evaluation of management of patients with postoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism. How close are we to the targets?

Background: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PO-HypoPT) is a complication usually seen after thyroid surgery. PO-HypoPT, which lasts longer than 6 months is defined permanently. The aim of this study was to evaluate how close permanent PO-HypoPT patients can approach target values.

Assessment of inner retina layers thickness values in eyes with pituitary tumours before visual field defects occur.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate macula, retinal nerve layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL) and macular nerve fibre layer (mNFL) thickness in patients with pituitary tumours who has normal visual field (VF).

Methods: Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients with pituitary tumours with normal VF and 41 eyes of 41-healthy subjects were underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. The spectral domain- optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure macular and optic disc parameters.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-tolymphocyte ratio in different etiological causes of thyrotoxicosis.

Background/aim: The most common causes of thyrotoxicosis include Graves’ disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), toxic adenoma (TA), and subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (SAT). In our study, we aimed to see whether neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of these diseases.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the hospital records of the Endocrinology Clinic of our hospital between 2016 and 2019.

Evaluation of Platelet Functions in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Versus Healthy Controls: a Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background: To evaluate platelet functions in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) versus healthy controls.

Methods: Seventy-five patients with HT and 29 healthy controls were included in this study. Age, serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibody and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody, platelet count, in vitro platelet aggregation and ATP release reaction tests were recorded and compared between HT and control groups.

Serum nesfatin-1 levels are decreased in pregnant women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

Objective: To investigate serum nesfatin-1 levels at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy in women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes and determine the association of nesfatin-1 with several metabolic parameters.

Subjects And Methods: Forty women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and 30 healthy pregnant women matched in age and gestational week were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum nesfatin-1 levels were analyzed using ELISA, and the relationship between nesfatin-1 and several metabolic parameters were assessed.

Is There a Tendency for Thrombosis in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?

Context: Impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the coagulation system, dynamics involved at a pathophysiological level and the exact mechanism remain unclear.

Aims: To evaluate the association between diabetes-related parameters and hemostatic factors to search for a tendency of thrombosis in GDM.

Settings And Design: Nineteen pregnant women who had GDM, 16 healthy pregnant and 13 healthy nonpregnant controls admitted to the Endocrinology outpatient clinics were enrolled in the study.

The role of ultrasound elastography in preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions: a new assisting method to preoperative parathyroid ultrasonography.

Background: After the definition of minimally invasive procedures, preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions is now crucial. False-positive results up to 30% were reported by B-mode grayscale ultrasonography (US) in localization of parathyroid lesions. Parathyroid adenomas are relatively stiff lesions.

First missense mutation in the SOST gene causing sclerosteosis by loss of sclerostin function.

Sclerosteosis is a rare bone dysplasia characterized by greatly increased bone mass, especially of the long bones and the skull. Patients are tall, show facial asymmetry and often have syndactyly. Clinical complications are due to entrapment of cranial nerves.

Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Aim: This study was designed to measure serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy subjects.

Methods: A total of 37 women were evaluated. Serum levels FGF21, glucose, lipid profile, hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, oestradiol, testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin and insulin) were determined in 24 PCOS (15 subjects of PCOS BMI < 25 kg/m2, 9 subjects of PCOS BMI ≥ kg/m2) and 13 control group (BMI < 25 kg/m2).

Comparison of the clinical efficacy of flutamide and spironolactone plus ethinyloestradiol/cyproterone acetate in the treatment of hirsutism: a randomised controlled study.

Introduction: Hirsutism is commonly a consequence of ovarian androgen over-production. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or peripheral hypersensitivity to normal androgen circulating levels (idiopathic hirsutism) can be the underlying cause. Several drugs with anti-androgenic properties, such as cyproterone acetate (CPA), spironolactone and flutamide have been used to treat hirsutism, but the efficacy of these drugs has yet to be fully elucidated.

Adiponectin is an independent determinant of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequently associated with insulin resistance and a consequent increased risk of metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of adiponectin in insulin resistance in PCOS women.

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven patients with PCOS and 23 control subjects, matched for age and body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in the study.

Plasma homocysteine levels in hyperthyroid patients.

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for premature atherosclerotic vascular diseases. It is known that plasma homocysteine levels are higher in hypothyroid patients compared to healthy subjects. The aim of our study was to assess plasma total homocysteine concentrations in hyperthyroid patients before and after treatment when euthyroid status was reached and compare them with control group.

Leptin levels increase during flutamide therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Aim: To evaluate the serum leptin levels and the effects of flutamide treatment on the leptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: 20 women with PCOS and 20 controls were enrolled in the study. Leptin levels and leptin response to an oral glucose tolerance test were assessed in both groups before and after a 4-week flutamide therapy period.

Acute adrenal crisis together with unilateral adrenal mass caused by isolated tuberculosis of adrenal gland.

Objective: To describe a patient admitted with acute adrenocortical failure and a right adrenal mass without evidence of tuberculosis, who was ultimately diagnosed with isolated adrenal tuberculosis after postoperative histopathologic evaluation.

Methods: A case report is presented, with clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. We also discuss potential factors that may complicate the diagnosis of tuberculosis.