Multivessel Coronary Artery Spasm.

Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a sudden, reversible narrowing of the lumen of the coronary arteries caused by spontaneous vascular smooth muscle hypercontractility. A 47-year-old woman with history of recurrent cardiac arrests presented after having a witnessed cardiac arrest requiring 3 shocks from her implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. She then suffered another cardiac arrest that resulted in hemodynamic instability requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Eosinophilic cholangitis and cholangiopathy: a sheep in wolves clothing.

Background: Eosinophilic cholangitis (EC) is a rare benign disorder of the biliary tract which can cause biliary obstruction. Similar to other disease processes involving the bile ducts, this disorder can pose a difficult diagnostic challenge as it can mimic cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods: A systematic search of the scientific literature was carried out using PubMed to access all publications related to EC.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to skin.

Cutaneous metastases are a rarity, even more so when they arise from a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) which accounts for only 8% of all thyroid cancers. MTC arises from C-cells that produce calcitonin, and it most commonly metastasizes to lymph nodes in the neck. Distant metastases of MTC may involve bone, lung and liver.