Deciphering the mechanisms involved in reduced sensitivity to azoles and fengycin lipopeptide in Venturia inaequalis.

Apple scab, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Venturia inaequalis, is currently the most common and damaging disease in apple orchards. Two strains of V. inaequalis (S755 and Rs552) with different sensitivities to azole fungicides and the bacterial metabolite fengycin were compared to determine the mechanisms responsible for these differences.

Anti-oomycete activities from essential oils and their major compounds on Phytophthora infestans.

Botanicals are various plant-based products like plant extracts or essential oils. Anti-fungal activities of selected essential oils were tested on the pathogen causing potato and tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Tests to evaluate anti-oomycete activities of commercial essential oils and their major compounds were carried out in vitro in microplate in liquid media.

Antifungal Activity of Hop Leaf Extracts and Xanthohumol on Two Strains of with Different Sensitivities to Triazoles.

Hop cones are well-known for their antimicrobial properties, attributed to their specialized metabolites. Thus, this study aimed to determine the in vitro antifungal activity of different hop parts, including by-products such as leaves and stems, and some metabolites against , the causal agent of apple scab. For each plant part, two types of extracts, a crude hydro-ethanolic extract and a dichloromethane sub-extract, were tested on spore germination of two strains with different sensitivities to triazole fungicides.

Assessment of Lipopeptide Mixtures Produced by as Biocontrol Products against Apple Scab ().

Apple scab is an important disease conventionally controlled by chemical fungicides, which should be replaced by more environmentally friendly alternatives. One of these alternatives could be the use of lipopeptides produced by . The objective of this work is to study the action of the three families of lipopeptides and different mixtures of them in vitro and in vivo against .

Antifungal Activities of Lipopeptides to Two Strains Possessing Different Tebuconazole Sensitivity.

Within the framework of biocontrol development, three natural substances produced by , called lipopeptides, have been studied: fengycin (F), surfactin (S), and mycosubtilin (M). Their antifungal properties were tested , in liquid medium, on two strains of , ascomycete fungi causing apple scab. These two strains were, respectively sensitive and less sensitive to tebuconazole, an active substance of the triazole family.

Antifungal activity of essential oils on two Venturia inaequalis strains with different sensitivities to tebuconazole.

The antifungal activity of seven essential oils (eucalyptus, clove, mint, oregano, savory, tea tree, and thyme) was studied on Venturia inaequalis, the fungus responsible for apple scab. The composition of the essential oils was checked by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Each essential oil had its main compound.

Protective and curative efficacy of prothioconazole against isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola differing in their in vitro sensitivity to DMI fungicides.

Background: Septoria leaf blotch is the most important disease of wheat in Europe. To control this disease, fungicides of the 14α-demethylase inhibitor group (DMIs) have been widely used for more than 20 years. However, resistance towards DMIs has increased rather quickly in recent years.

Genetic diversity and population structure in French populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola.

Mycosphaerella graminicola populations were examined in France with microsatellite markers and PCR-SSCP analysis of partial actin and β-tubulin encoding sequences. A total of 363 isolates was sampled in 2005 from 17 provinces, and genotypes from corresponding strains were characterized. Unique haplotypes comprised 84% of the population, and gene diversity was high nationwide (0.

Mating type idiomorphs from a French population of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola: widespread equal distribution and low but distinct levels of molecular polymorphism.

Septoria tritici blotch caused by the heterothallic ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola is currently the most frequent and the most economically damaging disease on wheat worldwide. Five hundred and ten strains of this fungus were sampled from 16 geographical locations representing the major wheat producing areas in France. Multiplex PCR amplification, PCR-RFLP-SSCP screening and sequencing of parts of mating type encoding sequences were performed in order to assess the distribution and molecular polymorphism of the mating type idiomorphs.