Domain-specific osmoadaptation revealed by metatranscriptomic analysis in hypersaline environments.

High-throughput RNA-seq enables the analysis of gene expression in complex, culture-independent microbial communities. In this study, we used this approach to explore the microbial adaptation to salinity changes in hypersaline environments using samples collected from the Santa Pola ponds (Alicante, Spain). Two metatranscriptomic experiments were conducted: (i) salt concentration from 20 to 30%, mimicking summer evaporation, and (ii) dilution from 30 to 25%, simulating rainfall.

Evaluation of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in low, moderate, and highly emetogenic schemes between sexes.

Purpose: Sex influences chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). However, in clinical practice, males and females receive the same antiemetic prophylaxis. We compared CINV between sexes in patients with different emetic risk schemes and evaluated the predisposing factors and main adverse effects caused by antiemetics.

Metabolic Singularities in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer: Identifying Key Players in Immunosuppression to Improve the Immunotherapy Response.

Although immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is currently the standard of care in microsatellite-unstable (MSI) metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), ICI therapy, alone or in combination with other therapies, is not a treatment approach in microsatellite-stable (MSS) CRC, which is present in 95% of patients. In this review, we focus on metabolic singularities-at the transcriptomic (either bulk or single cell), proteomic, and post-translational modification levels-that induce immunosuppression in cancer and specifically in MSS CRC. First, we evaluate the current efficacy of ICIs in limited and metastatic disease in MSS CRC.

It's not all about control: challenging mainstream framing of eating disorders.

Background: The concept of control has long been suggested as a central factor in eating disorder (ED) aetiology. The concept is now so mainstream that it risks being used in a potentially reductionist, stigmatising or otherwise harmful manner. In this paper, we explore and discuss our positions on the use of control-related terminology for EDs.

Heterologous Expression of the Phytochelatin Synthase from and Its Effect on Different Stress Factors in .

Phytochelatins (PCs) are cysteine-rich small peptides, enzymatically synthesized from reduced glutathione (GSH) by cytosolic enzyme phytochelatin synthase (PCS). The open reading frame (ORF) of the gene from the microalgae was heterologously expressed in strain DH5α, to analyze its role in protection against various abiotic agents that cause cellular stress. The transformed strain showed increased tolerance to exposure to different heavy metals (HMs) and arsenic (As), as well as to acidic pH and exposure to UVB, salt, or perchlorate.

Prognostic value of cutaneous reinnervation with GAP-43 in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy.

Background And Purpose: Oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy (OIN) implies axonal damage of both small and large sensory nerve fibers. We aimed at comparing the neurophysiological changes occurred after treatment and the capability to recovery based on histological marker of re-innervation GAP-43.

Methods: 48 patients with cancer were assessed before and after chemotherapy (at 3 months and 12 months if available).

Novel Genes Involved in Resistance to Both Ultraviolet Radiation and Perchlorate From the Metagenomes of Hypersaline Environments.

Microorganisms that thrive in hypersaline environments on the surface of our planet are exposed to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, for their protection, they have sunscreen pigments and highly efficient DNA repair and protection systems. The present study aimed to identify new genes involved in UV radiation resistance from these microorganisms, many of which cannot be cultured in the laboratory.

Salt resistance genes revealed by functional metagenomics from brines and moderate-salinity rhizosphere within a hypersaline environment.

Hypersaline environments are considered one of the most extreme habitats on earth and microorganisms have developed diverse molecular mechanisms of adaptation to withstand these conditions. The present study was aimed at identifying novel genes from the microbial communities of a moderate-salinity rhizosphere and brine from the Es Trenc saltern (Mallorca, Spain), which could confer increased salt resistance to Escherichia coli. The microbial diversity assessed by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries revealed the presence of communities that are typical in such environments and the remarkable presence of three bacterial groups never revealed as major components of salt brines.

Exploring the diversity of arsenic resistance genes from acid mine drainage microorganisms.

The microbial communities from the Tinto River, a natural acid mine drainage environment, were explored to search for novel genes involved in arsenic resistance using a functional metagenomic approach. Seven pentavalent arsenate resistance clones were selected and analysed to find the genes responsible for this phenotype. Insights about their possible mechanisms of resistance were obtained from sequence similarities and cellular arsenic concentration.

Extracellular DNA release by undomesticated Bacillus subtilis is regulated by early competence.

Extracellular DNA (eDNA) release is a widespread capacity described in many microorganisms. We identified and characterized lysis-independent eDNA production in an undomesticated strain of Bacillus subtilis. DNA fragments are released during a short time in late-exponential phase.

Diversity of Archaea in Icelandic hot springs based on 16S rRNA and chaperonin genes.

The diversity of archaeal communities growing in four hot springs (65-90 °C, pH 6.5) was assessed with 16S rRNA gene primers specific for the domain Archaea. Overall, mainly uncultured members of the Desulfurococcales, the Thermoproteales and the Korarchaeota, were identified.

Novel nickel resistance genes from the rhizosphere metagenome of plants adapted to acid mine drainage.

Metal resistance determinants have traditionally been found in cultivated bacteria. To search for genes involved in nickel resistance, we analyzed the bacterial community of the rhizosphere of Erica andevalensis, an endemic heather which grows at the banks of the Tinto River, a naturally metal-enriched and extremely acidic environment in southwestern Spain. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of rhizosphere DNA revealed the presence of members of five phylogenetic groups of Bacteria and the two main groups of Archaea mostly associated with sites impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD).