Assessing the methodologic quality of systematic reviews using generative large language models.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate whether generative large language models (LLMs) can accurately assess the methodologic quality of systematic reviews (SRs).

Methods: A total of 114 SRs from five leading urology journals were included in the study. Human reviewers graded each of the SRs in duplicates, with differences adjudicated by a third expert.

The Influence of the Germline Adrenal-Permissive Allele (c.1100 C) on the Somatic Alteration Landscape, the Transcriptome, and Immune Cell Infiltration in Prostate Cancer.

: The germline polymorphism in the gene (c.1100 C) results in adrenal-permissive (CC) or adrenal-restrictive (AA) functions of the protein product by regulating the production of high-affinity ligands that activate androgen signaling. Prior studies have indicated that the CC genotype is associated with worse response to hormonal therapies in prostate cancer (PC) patients.

Current uses and resistance mechanisms of enzalutamide in prostate cancer treatment.

Introduction: Prostate cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality for men worldwide. Enzalutamide, a second-generation non-steroidal antiandrogen that blocks androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity, is a treatment for biochemically recurrent, metastatic, castration-sensitive, and castration-resistant tumors. Unfortunately, most patients ultimately develop resistance to enzalutamide, making long-term treatment with this agent challenging.

Prostate Tissue Microbiome in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Some researchers have speculated that the prostatic microbiome is involved in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) but there is no consensus on certain microbiota in the prostatic tissue of PCa vs. healthy controls. This systematic review aims to investigate and compare the microbiome of PCa and healthy tissue to determine the microbial association with the pathogenesis of PCa.

Divergent immune microenvironments in two tumor nodules from a patient with mismatch repair-deficient prostate cancer.

Patients with prostate cancer (PC) generally do not respond favorably to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which may be due to a low abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes even when mutational load is high. Here, we identified a patient who presented with high-grade primary prostate cancer with two adjacent tumor nodules. While both nodules were mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd), exhibited pathogenic MSH2 and MSH6 alterations, had a high tumor mutational burden (TMB), and demonstrated high microsatellite instability (MSI), they had markedly distinct immune phenotypes.