Combined Zn and Mn affect osmoregulation of the freshwater teleost Prochilodus lineatus in distinct ways from isolated metals.

Juveniles of the freshwater teleost Prochilodus lineatus were used to evaluate the osmoregulatory effects of the essential metals zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe), both individually and in different combinations. Fish were subjected to three independent 96-h exposure tests, each including its respective control group (CTR; fish exposed only to water): (i) Zn test, with exposures to 0.18, 1.