Anatomical factors associated with the lingual fracture pattern in sagittal split ramus osteotomy: A case-control study.

Unfavorable fractures are among the most challenging complications in sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), potentially increasing surgical morbidity and compromising postoperative outcomes. The preoperative identification of anatomical risk factors through imaging can enhance surgical planning and prevent such events. This study aims to investigate the anatomical factors associated with lingual fracture patterns in SSRO using multislice computed tomography.

The real-world burden of atopic dermatitis: MEASURE-AD results from Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) burden increases with disease severity.

Objective: Characterize the real-world burden of AD in Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina.

Methods: MEASURE-AD enrolled patients (≥12-years old) with moderate to severe AD receiving or candidates for systemic therapy between December 2019-December 2020.

Phosphatidylserine as a tumor target for CAR-T cell therapy.

Background: Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed on apoptotic cells promotes immune clearance of dead cells without inducing inflammation. Conversely, PS exposure on live tumor cells promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that hinders antitumor immune responses. After confirming elevated PS levels in various tumor cell lines and cancer tissues, we aimed to investigate its potential as a target antigen for chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy.

Promoting Race and Ethnic Diversity in a Hospital-Based Randomized Clinical Trial to Address Untreated Alcohol Use Disorder: Initial Lessons Learned.

Objective: This study aimed to describe initial experiences and lessons learned conducting a trial focused on recruiting racially and ethnically diverse hospitalized patients with untreated alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods: The parent trial is comparing the effectiveness of strategies including Brief Negotiation Interview (BNI), facilitated initiation of medications for AUD, and computer-based training for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT) on AUD treatment engagement post-hospitalization. Guided by the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced, we catalogued protocol changes and evaluated outcomes using study and electronic medical record data during the first 18 months of recruitment.

Melanoma arising in a child with a medium-sized congenital melanocytic nevus.

Pediatric melanomas are rare and some of them may arise on giant congenital melanocytic nevi. The risk of developing melanoma on a medium-sized nevus is not clear but is thought to be very rare. Proliferative cellular nodules which mimic malignant melanoma may pose significant diagnostic challenges.

Drawings as a tool to assess the effect of environmental education on children - the case of the Blonde Capuchin Project in Northeast Brazil.

Environmental Education (EE) is key for biodiversity conservation. We aimed to evaluate the effect of an EE activity on students by evaluating their drawings. The EE activity was part of the Blonde Capuchin Project actions, which focuses on the research and conservation of the endangered blonde capuchin monkey, Sapajus flavius.

Effector memory-type regulatory T cells display phenotypic and functional instability.

Regulatory T cells (T cells) hold promise for sustainable therapy of immune disorders. Recent advancements in chimeric antigen receptor development and genome editing aim to enhance the specificity and function of T cells. However, impurities and functional instability pose challenges for the development of safe gene-edited T cell products.

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report of a Rare Presentation.

Primary lymphoma of the urinary bladder is extremely rare. We present the case of a 67-year-old woman diagnosed with primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the urinary bladder. The patient presented with macroscopic hematuria.

Dietary xylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans improved growth efficiency by reducing gut epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens.

Background: One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental hazards. Supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in chickens. XOS may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier functions.

[Recommendations for psoriasis treatment in Pediatrics].

Introduction: in one third of patients with psoriasis, symptoms start during childhood and adolescence, with a strong emotional and psychosocial impact.

Objective: to develop a guideline for the systemic treatment of psoriasis in pediatric patients by means of recommendations based on the best available evidence.

Materials And Methods: Sources: articles indexed in PubMed, Epistemonikos, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Scielo, published between January 2010 and May 2022, in English, Spanish and Portuguese.

Abrocitinib Provides Rapid and Sustained Improvement in Skin Pain and Is Associated with Improved Quality of Life Outcomes in Adult and Adolescent Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: Skin pain in atopic dermatitis (AD) increases with disease severity and is associated with substantial quality of life (QoL) burden.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate abrocitinib efficacy on skin pain and QoL in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD.

Methods: This post hoc analysis included data with abrocitinib administered as monotherapy (pooled phase 2b [NCT02780167] and phase 3 JADE MONO-1 [NCT03349060] and JADE MONO-2 [NCT03575871]) or in combination with topical therapy (phase 3 JADE COMPARE [NCT03720470] and JADE TEEN [NCT03796676]).

Hippocampal CaMKII inhibition induces reactivation-dependent amnesia for extinction memory and causes fear relapse.

Hippocampal GluN2B subunit-containing NMDAR (GluN2B-NMDAR) activation during recall destabilizes fear extinction memory, which must undergo brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent reconsolidation to persist. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase essential for hippocampus-dependent memory processing that acts downstream GluN2B-NMDAR and controls BDNF expression, but its participation in fear extinction memory reconsolidation has not yet been studied. Using a combination of pharmacological and behavioral tools, we found that in adult male Wistar rats, intra dorsal-CA1 administration of the CaMKII inhibitors autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (AIP) and KN-93, but not of their inactive analogs scrambled AIP and KN-92, after fear extinction memory recall impaired extinction and caused GluN2B-NMDAR-dependent recovery of fear.

Abnormal biomarkers predict complex FAS or FADD defects missed by exome sequencing.

Background: Elevated TCRαβCD4CD8 double-negative T cells (DNT) and serum biomarkers help identify FAS mutant patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). However, in some patients with clinical features and biomarkers consistent with ALPS, germline or somatic FAS mutations cannot be identified on standard exon sequencing (ALPS-undetermined: ALPS-U).

Objective: We sought to explore whether complex genetic alterations in the FAS gene escaping standard sequencing or mutations in other FAS pathway-related genes could explain these cases.

Neuropathological and sociodemographic factors associated with the cortical amyloid load in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive abilities. A pathological hallmark of AD is a region-specific accumulation of the amyloid-beta protein (Aβ). Here, we explored the association between regional Aβ deposition, sociodemographic, and local biochemical factors.

IROCA-TES: Improving Quality in Radiation Oncology through Clinical Audits - Training and Education for Standardization.

Background: Clinical audits are an important tool to objectively assess clinical protocols, procedures, and processes and to detect deviations from good clinical practice. The main aim of this project is to determine adherence to a core set of consensus- based quality indicators and then to compare the institutions in order to identify best practices.

Materials And Methods: We conduct a multicentre, international clinical audit of six comprehensive cancer centres in Poland, Spain, Italy, Portugal, France, and Romania as a part of the project, known as IROCATES (Improving Quality in Radiation Oncology through Clinical Audits - Training and Education for Standardization).

CAD-CAM natural restorations-Reproducing nature using a digital workflow.

Objectives: Natural restorations combine digital workflow and shell technique to create CAD/CAM restorations with the form and texture of natural teeth. This case report describes an interdisciplinary digital workflow combined with CAD/CAM natural restorations to achieve the naturalness of an anterior rehabilitation.

Clinical Considerations: A 38-year-old patient attended to the office with esthetic issues.

The landscape of vitiligo in Latin America: a call to action.

Vitiligo is a chronic pigmentary condition and severely impacts patient quality of life (QoL). It is an underrecognized burden for patients, healthcare systems, and society in Latin America (LA). This paper examines the journey of a vitiligo patient in LA and assesses the disease landscape.

Age, Education Years, and Biochemical Factors Are Associated with Selective Neuronal Changes in the Elderly Hippocampus.

Brain aging involves regional alterations of specific cellular subpopulations in the human hippocampus: a network hub for memory consolidation. The present study investigates whether age, sex, education years, and the concentration of neuropathological and inflammatory proteins influence neuronal-type marker expression in the elderly hippocampus. We analyzed the digital images (1 µm/pixel) of postmortem hippocampal sections from 19 non-demented individuals (from 78 to 99 years).

Use of multisensory stimulation in institutionalized older adults with moderate or severe dementia.

Unlabelled: The Multisensory Stimulation Program can help manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the Multisensory Stimulation Program on behavioral, mood, and biomedical parameters of older adults with moderate and severe dementia compared to a control group not submitted to this program.

Methods: This study is an interventional, parallel, open-label, quasi-experimental clinical trial, which is quantitative and qualitative in nature and is also an exploratory type.

Layer-Specific Changes in the Prefrontal Glia/Neuron Ratio Characterizes Patches of Gene Expression Disorganization in Children with Autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is manifested by abnormal cell numbers and patches of gene expression disruption in higher-order brain regions. Here, we investigated whether layer-specific changes in glia/neuron ratios (GNR) characterize patches in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC) of children with ASD. We analyzed high-resolution digital images of postmortem human brains from 11 ASD and 11 non-ASD children obtained from the Autism Study of the Allen Human Brain Atlas.

Evaluation of Biological Activities of Quinone-4-oxoquinoline Derivatives against Pathogens of Clinical Importance.

Background: Microbial resistance has become a worldwide public health problem and may lead to morbidity and mortality in affected patients.

Objectives: Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of quinone-4- oxoquinoline derivatives.

Methods: These derivatives were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by their antibacterial activity, anti-biofilm, and hemolytic activities and in silico assays.

International eDelphi Study to Reach Consensus on the Methotrexate Dosing Regimen in Patients With Psoriasis.

Importance: A clear dosing regimen for methotrexate in psoriasis is lacking, and this might lead to a suboptimal treatment. Because methotrexate is affordable and globally available, a uniform dosing regimen could potentially optimize the treatment of patients with psoriasis worldwide.

Objective: To reach international consensus among psoriasis experts on a uniform dosing regimen for treatment with methotrexate in adult and pediatric patients with psoriasis and identify potential future research topics.