Gray matter differences associated with menopausal hormone therapy in menopausal women: a DARTEL-based VBM study.

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in women can reduce troublesome menopause symptoms and prevent cognitive decline. This cross-sectional study investigated the MHT-related effect on brain morphology and its association with sex hormones in menopausal women by using an optimized diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated Lie algebra (DARTEL)-based voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method. Twenty-one menopausal women without MHT (noMHT) and 20 menopausal women with MHT were included in this study.

Comparison of Core Body Temperatures in Patients Administered Remimazolam or Propofol during Robotic-Assisted and Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy.

Background and Objectives: Different types of anesthetics affect thermoregulatory mechanisms, such as the redistribution of body temperature, loss of skin heat, or inhibition of thermoregulatory vasoconstriction. Therefore, we compared remimazolam with propofol in terms of core body temperature in patients undergoing robotic-assisted and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Materials and methods: Ninety patients were randomly assigned to either the propofol−remifentanil (PR) group or the remimazolam−remifentanil (RR) group.

Effects of Female Reproductive Hormone Levels on Inadvertent Intraoperative Hypothermia during Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

Female reproductive hormones may affect core body temperature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of female reproductive hormones on inadvertent intraoperative hypothermia in patients who underwent laparoscopic gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia. This retrospective study included 660 menstruating and menopausal female patients aged 19-65 years.

Laparoscopic uncontained power morcellation-induced dissemination of ovarian endodermal sinus tumors: A case report.

Background: Endodermal sinus tumors (ESTs), which arise primarily in children and adolescents, account for 20% of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors, but constitute only 1% of all ovarian malignancies. Treatment of ESTs consists of surgical staging with fertility-sparing surgery and chemotherapy.

Case Summary: A 15-year-old nulliparous patient was diagnosed with disseminated ovarian ESTs after laparoscopic unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy using uncontained power morcellation for treatment of a ruptured solid adnexal mass in another hospital.

Endometriosis-induced massive hemoperitoneum misdiagnosed as ruptured ectopic pregnancy: a case report.

Background: Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease, is commonly observed in gynecologic practice. Spontaneous hemoperitoneum is a rare but serious complication of endometriosis. Most cases of endometriosis-induced hemoperitoneum are attributable to a ruptured endometrioma or utero-ovarian vessel hemorrhage.

A case of extremely early cervical adenocarcinoma diagnosed only by endocervical curettage with macroscopic pelvic lymph node metastases.

Microinvasive adenocarcinoma is not as well studied as microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma because diagnosis of adenocarcinoma cannot be ascertained for early invasive lesions. However, most clinicians consider a depth of invasion of 3 mm without lympho-vascular space invasion as the maximum limit for conservative management. Microinvasive cervical adenocarcinoma is characterized by a rare incidence of lymph node metastasis and very good prognosis.

Searching for an ideal cervical cancer screening model to reduce false-negative errors in a country with high prevalence of cervical cancer.

The purpose of this study was to develop an ideal cervical cancer screening model to reduce false-negative errors in Korea where there is a high prevalence of cervical cancer. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 33,531 women who underwent routine cervical cancer screening in Korea. Colposcopic examinations were performed after abnormal results on their screening tests.

Screening capacity and cost-effectiveness of the human papillomavirus test versus cervicography as an adjunctive test to Pap cytology to detect high-grade cervical dysplasia.

Objective: This study compared the screening capacities and cost-effectiveness of the human papillomavirus (HPV) test versus cervicography as an adjunctive test to Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology to detect high-grade cervical neoplasia in Korea, a country with a high prevalence of cervical cancer.

Study Design: Of 33,531 Korean women who underwent cervicography as a screening test for cervical cancer between January 2015 and December 2016, we retrospectively analyzed the records of 4117 women who simultaneously or subsequently underwent Pap cytology, an HPV test, cervicography, and colposcopically directed biopsy. At a threshold of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+), based on colposcopic biopsy, we compared the diagnostic capacities and cost-effectiveness of these screening tools.

Diagnostic Significance of Measuring Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for the Differentiation between Malignant and Tuberculous Pleural Effusion.

Malignancy and tuberculosis are common causes of lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion. However, it is occasionally difficult to differentiate malignant pleural effusion from tuberculous pleural effusion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical cytokine in the pathogenesis of malignant pleural effusion.

HNRNPA1, a Splicing Regulator, Is an Effective Target Protein for Cervical Cancer Detection: Comparison With Conventional Tumor Markers.

Objective: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1), serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1), and SRSF3 are splicing regulators associated with oncogenesis. However, the alterations of SF proteins and their diagnostic values in cervical cancer are unclear. To apply SFs clinically, effective marker selection and characterization of the target organ properties are essential.

Celecoxib and sulindac inhibit TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppress lung cancer migration and invasion via downregulation of sirtuin 1.

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) celecoxib and sulindac have been reported to suppress lung cancer migration and invasion. The class III deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) possesses both pro- and anticarcinogenic properties. However, its role in inhibition of lung cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by NSAIDs is not clearly known.

Pemetrexed induces apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer cells through activation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of sirtuin 1.

Pemetrexed is a multitargeted antifolate used for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanism by which pemetrexed induces apoptosis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in pemetrexed-induced apoptosis in MSTO-211 malignant mesothelioma cells and A549 NSCLC cells.

Recurrent ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified managed with debulking surgery, radiofrequency ablation, and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Steroid cell tumors, not otherwise specified, are infrequently encountered ovarian neoplasms, which constitute <0.1% of all ovarian tumors. Most of these tumors are unilateral, and almost one-third of all cases are reportedly malignant.

The Relationship between Uterine Myoma Growth and the Endocrine Disruptor in Postmenopausal Women.

Objectives: To investigate the number of leiomyoma patients-exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and to observe whether the serum concentration of BPA is related to leiomyoma growth.

Methods: A total of 158 patients were recruited for this study. Leiomyoma patients were divided into three groups, mild (n = 48), moderate (n = 32) and severe (n = 28), according to the size of leiomyomas.

Effects of menopausal hormone therapy on uterine myoma in menopausal women.

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long term effects of estrogen-progestogen therapy (EPT) on uterine myomas volume in postmenopausal women.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on postmenopausal women with asymptomatic uterine myoma during the period between April, 2008 and September, 2012. Postmenopause was defined as amenorrhea for longer than a year or serum follicle stimulating hormone levels higher than 40 IU/L.

Enhanced apoptosis by pemetrexed and simvastatin in malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer cells by reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and Bim induction.

Pemetrexed is a multitarget antifolate currently used for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors used primarily for hyperlidpidemia, have been studied for their antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. However, the effects of simvastatin on pemetrexed-induced apoptosis have not been investigated.

Effect of simvastatin on the resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a non-small cell lung cancer with the T790M mutation of EGFR.

Although non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors with activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are highly responsive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) including gefitinib and erlotinib, development of acquired resistance is almost inevitable. Statins show antitumor activity, but it is unknown whether they can reverse EGFR-TKIs resistance in NSCLC with the T790M mutation of EGFR. This study investigated overcoming resistance to EGFR-TKI using simvastatin.

Synergistic induction of apoptosis by sulindac and simvastatin in A549 human lung cancer cells via reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction.

Prevention of lung cancer is more feasible and holds greater promise when different agents are used in combination to target multiple processes during carcinogenesis. The mechanisms by which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis are not fully understood. This study was designed to investigate lung cancer chemoprevention through a mechanism-based approach using sulindac at low doses in combination with simvastatin.

Prx1 modulates the chemosensitivity of lung cancer to docetaxel through suppression of FOXO1-induced apoptosis.

The expression levels of Prx1 are frequently elevated in several human cancers, including lung cancer and may confer increased resistance to treatment. In this study, we investigated the role of Prx1 in docetaxel-induced apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. To test whether Prx1 knockdown affected the sensitivity of A549 cells to docetaxel treatment, we generated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs targeting Prx1 and analyzed the effect of Prx1 knockdown on growth and apoptosis.

Diagnostic value and prognostic significance of pleural C-reactive protein in lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusions.

Purpose: C-reactive protein (CRP) has been implicated in various inflammatory and advanced malignant states. Increased serum CRP (s-CRP) levels have been shown to be associated with independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced lung cancer. However, only few studies have focused on the role of CRP in pleural effusions.

Elevated survivin is associated with a poor response to chemotherapy and reduced survival in lung cancer with malignant pleural effusions.

Survivin has been shown to inhibit apoptosis, enhance proliferation and promote angiogenesis. This study aimed to identify diagnostic value of survivin protein in malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and to investigate the prediction of response to chemotherapy and the prognostic role on pleural survivin in lung cancer patients with MPE. Pleural effusion samples were collected from 67 patients with MPE (58 lung cancers; 9 extrathoracic tumors), and from 68 patients with benign conditions (31 with pneumonia; 37 with tuberculosis).

Apoptotic induction by simvastatin in human lung cancer A549 cells via Akt signaling dependent down-regulation of survivin.

Statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have been studied for their antiproliferative and proapototic effects. Recently, statin-induced apoptosis has been associated with down-regulation of survivin expression in cancer cells. However, the mechanism of deregulated survivin by simvastatin on lung cancer is still unclear.

Coexistence of pituitary macroadenoma and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küstner-Hauser syndrome.

The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küstner-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is characterized by congenital aplasia of the uterus and upper part (2/3) of the vagina in women showing normal development of secondary sexual characteristics with a normal 46, XX karyotype. We report a case of a 30-year-old woman who presented with complaints of headache. Pituitary macroadenoma and MRKH syndrome were diagnosed.