Radiomic biomarkers associated with immune checkpoint blockade response for advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed outcomes for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and has impacted the timing and use of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN). As ICB responses vary, we evaluated whether radiographic and radiomic biomarkers were associated with clinical and pathological outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included ICB-treated mRCC patients without upfront CN.

Brown adipose tissue machine learning nnU-Net V2 network using TriDFusion (3DF).

Background: Recent advances in machine learning have revolutionized medical imaging. Currently, identifying brown adipose tissue (BAT) relies on manual identification and segmentation on Fluorine- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) scans. However, the process is time-consuming, especially for studies involving a large number of cases, and is subject to bias due to observer dependency.

Accuracy and Clinical Impact of Persistent Disease Diagnosed on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Accuracy of Pelvic Nodal Assessment on Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus in the 6-Month Interval Post Chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the 6-month interval post chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in determining persistent disease and whether persistent diffusion restriction on DWI at 6 months is associated with overall survival; and secondarily, to investigate the accuracy of pelvic lymph node assessment on T2-weighted imaging and DWI in the 6-month interval post CRT, in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.

Methods And Materials: This retrospective study included patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anus who underwent CRT followed by restaging rectal MRI from January 2010 to April 2020, with ≥1 year of follow-up after CRT. DW images were qualitatively evaluated by 2 junior and 2 senior abdominal radiologists to determine anal persistent disease.

Follicular lymphoma presenting as a seminal vesicle mass: Diagnostic path from prostate MRI to F-FDG PET/CT.

A 73-year-old man with biopsy-proven Gleason 3+3 prostate cancer presented with a new mass centered in the seminal vesicles with invasion of the base of the prostate on surveillance prostate MRI. Targeted biopsy showed atypical lymphoid proliferation, suspicious for lymphoma. The patient was referred to the nuclear medicine department for [18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT).

Extracolonic findings at CT colonography in an oncological hospital setting and why they matter.

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency and clinical outcome of unknown extracolonic findings in patients with cancer who underwent CT colonography (CTC).

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent CTC from February 2000-April 2016 for any indication were retrospectively included. One radiologist blinded to clinical data determined C-RADS classification for all extracolonic findings on CTC reports as follows: E1: normal examination or anatomic variant, E2: clinically unimportant, E3: likely unimportant, incompletely characterized, and E4: potentially important.

Interobserver Variability of Ultrasound Features Based on American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Lexicon in American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System System: A Single-Center Study With Radiologists and Radiology Residents.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the variability of selecting the ultrasound features used in American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) and in assigning the ACR-TIRADS level in a single center among radiologists and radiology residents. The study cohort consisted of 108 thyroid nodules in 102 patients who had definite cytology results after thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (Bethesda category II, VI) or surgery. Seven observers including 3 radiologists and 4 radiology residents evaluated the nodules according to 5 ultrasound feature categories.

Four Different Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Measurement Methods in Breast Masses.

Objective: To compare the effect of different quantification methods of ADC values in the evaluation of breast lesions and compare contralateral normal breast tissue ADC value by calculating ADC ratios.

Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, between February 2019 and December 2020.

Can Hounsfield Unit Density Accurately Predict Recurrent Cholestatoma in Previously Operated Ears?

The objective of the study was to determine whether Hounsfield Unit density would differentiate between cholesteatoma and other causes of opacification, such as granulation tissue in previously operated ears. Temporal bone computer tomography (CT) scans of 47 patients, who had revision mastoid surgeries, were evaluated retrospectively. A circular 5 mm2 region of interest (ROI) was placed at aditus ad antrum to measure Hounsfield Unit (HU) density.

Primary Intra-articular and Extra-articular Synovial Chondromatosis in a Child: A Rare Cause of Shoulder Pain in Children.

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition with chondroid metaplasia of the synovial membrane and multinodular proliferation of the synovial membrane of the joints, tendons and bursae without any certain etiology. The disease generally presents in monoarticular form; and the most commonly involved joint is the knee. It commonly occurs in third and fifth decades of life.

Male Breast Cancer with Radiological and Histopathological Findings.

Objectives: We aimed to remind and emphasize the importance of male breast cancer with radiological and histopathological results of the patients diagnosed in our institution.

Methods: Men who had proven breast cancer by histopathological analysis between February 2010-April 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The mammographic, ultrasonographic, magnetic resonance and positron-emission-tomography imaging features and histopathological results of the masses were noted.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Thrombosis in a Patient with COVID-19: A Unique Presentation.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) characteristics and clinical spectrum are currently evolving with the collaboration of clinicians.Arterial thromboembolic events due to COVID-19 are extremely rare; and all reported cases so far were of ischemic strokes and pulmonary embolism. In this case report,we present a case of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) thrombosis in a patient of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Measurement of iliotibial band diameter in iliotibial band friction syndrome and comparison with an asymptomatic population.

Background: Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) is an overuse injury of the lateral aspect of the knee. This syndrome classically affects the active young population.

Purpose: To determine the diameter of the ITB using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients clinically diagnosed with ITBFS, compare the results with asymptomatic patients, and assess the inter-observer agreement between a senior and a junior radiologist with different levels of experience in musculoskeletal imaging.

Radiologic Findings of Scapular Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Successfully Treated with CT-Guided Corticosteroid Injection.

Although Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) may arise from any bone, flat bones (skull, ribs, scapula, clavicle, and mandible) are more commonly involved.The overall reported incidence of scapular involvement by LCH is nearly 3% in the literature. Intra-lesional corticosteroid injection can be given for lesions that cause pain or postural deformity.

Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patient: Case report.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As known, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and serious health problem. Disease mainly affects lungs and common findings are fever cough and shortness of breath.

Computed Tomography-guided Transthoracic Core Needle Biopsy of Lung Masses: Technique, Complications and Diagnostic Yield Rate.

Objectives: Computed tomography-guided core needle biopsy has an important role in the accurate histopathological diagnosis of lung masses. The present study aims to share our results of computed tomography-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of lung masses.

Methods: A total of 117 patients had computed tomography-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy for lung masses between January 2017-September 2019 in our institution.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis in a male breast following intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin treatment.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a benign chronic inflammatory disorder of the breast tissue, with unknown etiology. IGM is extremely rare among male gender. In this case report, we present a male patient with superficial high grade bladder cancer, who was complaining of a palpable mass in his right breast for two weeks following intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment.