Interactive effects of temperature and UV radiation on antibiotic uptake and degradation in a floating (Salvinia molesta) and a submerged/emergent (Myriophyllum aquaticum) macrophyte.

Pharmaceutical contaminants increasingly affect aquatic environments; however, the influence of environmental stressors on macrophyte-mediated antibiotic removal remains poorly understood. This study examined how temperature (15-29°C), UV radiation (UV-A and UV-B), and antibiotic exposure (500 ng/L azithromycin, 400 ng/L amoxicillin, 400 ng/L ciprofloxacin, and 900 ng/L sulfamethoxazole) interact to influence the phytoremediation capacity of Salvinia molesta (floating) and Myriophyllum aquaticum (submerged/emergent). Antibiotic uptake, metabolic transformation, and physiological response were assessed under controlled conditions.