Implementation of opioid stewardship programs (OSPs) in hospitals: A narrative literature review.

Pain and addiction are persistent public health issues that can lead to serious and fatal consequences on individuals, families, and communities. With the continued development of the opioid epidemic and the subsequent rise in opioid use and misuse, it is important to recognize the need for intervention at a public health level. Opioid stewardship programs (OSPs) are promising public health interventions that aim to coordinate safe and effective pain management through evidence-based intervention strategies.

Opioid stewardship program implementation in rural and critical access hospitals in Arizona.

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine rural hospitals' status in implementing opioid stewardship program (OSP) elements and assess differences in implementation in emergency department (ED) and acute inpatient departments.

Design: Health administrator survey to identify the number and type of OSP elements that each hospital has implemented.

Setting: Arizona critical access hospitals (CAHs).

Integrating adolescent substance abuse treatment with HIV services: evidence-based models and baseline descriptions.

Adolescents with substance use disorders are at high risk for contracting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Adolescence is the period of sexual maturation that compounds the issues associated with infection transmission for this risk-taking group. Integrated treatment models for implementing HIV education, counseling, and testing is a promising approach.

Gender differences in substance use, mental health, and criminal justice involvement of adolescents at treatment entry and at three, six, twelve and thirty month follow-up.

Many adolescents entering substance abuse treatment have coexisting mental health problems and are criminally involved. Examination of the complexities of substance use, mental health, and criminal justice involvement along with changes in these issues following treatment is needed. This study includes 941 males and 266 females enrolled in seven drug treatment programs located in geographically diverse areas of the United States.

Traumatic stress and gender differences in relationship to substance abuse, mental health, physical health, and HIV risk behavior in a sample of adolescents enrolled in drug treatment.

Research on traumatic stress (TS) among adolescent substance users is limited, with research indicating that not all adolescents who experience trauma are substance users and not all adolescent substance users report symptoms of TS. In the general adolescent population, research on TS symptoms indicates gender differences, with more females reporting traumatic life events and more symptoms associated with traumatic stress. A gap in research exists, however, with regard to gender differences among adolescent substance users who report low versus acute levels of TS symptoms.