Childhood psychopathology predicts development of error-related brain activity across adolescence.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence indicates that the error-related negativity (ERN) increases across adolescence. However, there are no longitudinal studies of ERN development which traverse all of adolescence. In addition, anxiety (e.

Time-domain and time-frequency neural responses to monetary and social rewards across three different tasks.

The neural response to reward is often examined during monetary reward tasks. However, there is a growing interest in examining other types of reward (e.g.

Worry Induction and the Error-Related Negativity.

Generalized anxiety disorder and trait worry have been associated with an enhanced error-related negativity (ERN). However, worry has been linked to cognitive avoidance that reduces negative emotional states, and it is unclear whether state worry enhances or attenuates the ERN. The present study examined the impact of state worry inductions on the ERN.

Psychopathology dimensions and the late positive potential in adolescent and young adult females.

Maladaptive emotional processing is central to multiple forms of psychopathology, including both internalizing and externalizing disorders. The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential component that reflects attention allocation and the motivational significance of affective stimuli. Altered LPP amplitudes to emotional pictures have been observed across a range of psychopathologies, yet it remains unclear whether specific higher-order psychopathology dimensions might explain these associations.

Childhood P300 predicts development of depressive disorders into adolescence.

Background: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders dramatically increases as children enter adolescence. It is critical to identify etiological factors that can assist in the identification of children most at risk. Event-related potentials are one measure that has demonstrated promise and feasible application in children and adolescents.

Neural response to social feedback and internalizing dimensions.

Background: A growing literature has examined the reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential indicator of reward sensitivity, to social feedback. Research has indicated that a larger RewP to social rejection is associated with multiple internalizing problems, including anxiety, depression, and borderline personality. However, it is not clear whether the similar relationships are due to higher-order transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology.

Predictable and Unpredictable Threat Immune Enhancement.

Acute social stress has been associated with increased immune system activation. However, less is known about whether non-social acute stressors also impact the immune response. In addition, most studies examine stressors that contain multiple characteristics (e.

Autism, Personality Pathology, and the Neural Response to Rewards.

The autism social motivation hypothesis suggests that diminished reward value of social stimuli contributes to deficits in social motivation. Research indicates that autistic individuals show decreased neural responding to both social and non-social reward, suggesting domain-general reward system differences. However, autism is heterogenous with extensive co-occurring psychopathology, and the autism phenotype may not be the best way to understand its relationship with neural reward response.

Attenuated Doors-Locked P300 Amplitude and Elevated Depressive Symptoms: Effects of Age and Sex in Two Independent Samples of Youth.

Deficits in cognitive and reward-related functions, measured via reductions in the P300 and reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential (ERP) components, are commonly observed in adults suffering with depression. Considering higher risk for depression emerges among females in adolescence, examination of the neurological underpinnings of depression during this critical developmental period can help further elucidate our overall understanding of the etiology of depressive disorders. Therefore, the present study sought to first examine associations between doors-locked P300 amplitude, RewP amplitude, current depression symptoms, and age in an all-female youth sample (sample 1: n = 296; age, 8 to 14).

Trajectories of the Late Positive Potential Across Childhood and Adolescence: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study.

The late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential reflecting affective processing, may exhibit developmental shifts in magnitude and scalp location. In the present longitudinal study, 501 youth (47.3% female; 89.

Startle potentiation to unpredictable threat predicts adolescent development of generalized anxiety disorder.

Background: An elevated startle reflex in anticipation of unpredictable threat has been associated with concurrent anxiety disorders. However, only one study to date has examined whether startle potentiation in anticipation of unpredictable threat predicts the development of anxiety disorders.

Method: In a community sample of 309 adolescents, we examined whether the startle reflex in anticipation of predictable or unpredictable threat at age 15 predicted onset of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) at age 18.

Pathological personality dimensions and neurobiological emotional reactivity.

Background: The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) offers a promising framework to identify the neurobiological mechanisms of psychopathology. Many forms of psychopathology are characterized by dysfunctional emotional reactivity. The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential component that provides an index of neurobiological emotional reactivity.

The P300 and hierarchical dimensions of psychopathology.

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) framework offers the potential to better understand how neurobiological mechanisms relate to psychopathology. The P300 is an event-related potential component that indexes attention, stimulus evaluation, and categorization. A blunted P300 has been associated with psychiatric disorders across externalizing, internalizing, and thought disorder domains.

Family study of the error-related negativity in adolescent and young adult females and their parents.

The error-related negativity (ERN) has been identified as a potential endophenotype of psychopathology. However, there is limited research investigating familial transmission of the ERN, particularly across developmental phases that are associated with increased risk for psychopathology. The present study included a sample of one hundred thirty-one adolescent and young adult females (M = 17.

Pathological personality domains and punishment-enhanced error-related negativity.

The error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related potential that is observed after the commission of an error and is hypothesized to index threat sensitivity. The ERN is associated with multiple psychiatric disorders, but it is unclear if similar results are due to higher-order dimensions of psychopathology. When errors are punished, the ERN is further enhanced, which might better isolate threat sensitivity.

Reward-Related Brain Activity Mediates the Relationship Between Decision-Making Deficits and Pediatric Depression Symptom Severity.

Background: The mechanisms that link neural and behavioral indices of reduced reward sensitivity in depression, particularly in children, remain unclear. Reward positivity (RewP), a neural index of reward processing, has been consistently associated with depression. Separately, recent studies using the drift-diffusion model on behavioral data have delineated computational indices of reward sensitivity.

Neural response to monetary and social rewards in adolescent girls and their parents.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have indicated that the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system is heavily involved in all stages of reward processing. However, the majority of research has been conducted using monetary rewards and it is unclear to what extent other types of rewards, such as social rewards, evoke similar or different neural activation. There have also been few investigations into potential differences or similarities between reward processing in parents and offspring.

Electrocortical Reactivity During Self-Referential Processing Predicts the Development of Depression Across Adolescence.

Background: Negative attentional biases and self-schemas have been implicated in the development of depression. Research has indicated that a larger late positive potential (LPP) to negative self-referential words is associated with depression-as well as a maternal history of depression, an indicator of risk. However, it is unclear whether the LPP to self-referential words predicts the actual development of depression.

Neural response to monetary and social rewards and familial risk for psychopathology in adolescent females.

Background: Adolescence is a key developmental period for the emergence of psychopathology. Reward-related brain activity increases across adolescence and has been identified as a potential neurobiological mechanism of risk for different forms of psychopathology. The reward positivity (RewP) is an event-related potential component that indexes reward system activation and has been associated with both concurrent and family history of psychopathology.

Social feedback biases emerge during recall but not prediction and shift across the development of social anxiety.

Memory is a reconstructive process that can result in events being recalled as more positive or negative than they actually were. While positive recall biases may contribute to well-being, negative recall biases may promote internalizing symptoms, such as social anxiety. Adolescence is characterized by increased salience of peers and peak incidence of social anxiety.

Predicting internalizing symptoms with machine learning: identifying individuals that need care.

The current project aims to identify individuals in urgent need of mental health care, using a machine learning algorithm (random forest). Comparison/contrast with conventional regression analyses is discussed. A total of 2,409 participants were recruited from an anonymous university, including undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and staff.

Loss of mental health support among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

: The COVID-19 pandemic has simultaneously exacerbated mental health concerns among college students and made it more challenging for many students to access mental health support. However, little is known about the extent of mental health support loss among college students, or which students have lost support. 415 undergraduate students who reported receiving mental health support prior to the pandemic participated.

COVID-19 experiences and psychopathology symptoms in college students at the onset of the pandemic.

The present study examined what specific aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to psychopathology symptoms among college students during the initial stages of the pandemic. One thousand and eighty-nine college students ( = 20.73, = 2.