Relapse or no relapse in multiple sclerosis: Can disease activity biomarkers support the clinician?

Background: In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), the assessment of clinical disease activity can be challenging.

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic potential of serum neurofilament light (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) to distinguish a relapse from other causes of deterioration.

Methods: In this multicenter, prospective study, RRMS patients with new neurological symptoms in the last 14 days were followed for 12 weeks.

Gel instillation sonohysterography (GIS) using Endosgel versus ExEmgel, comparison of pain and image quality and cost benefit analysis: A double blind randomised controlled trial. GISPAIN trial.

Introduction: Pain experience, physical reaction, image quality and adverse events during Gel Instillation Sonohysterography (GIS) can differ using gels with different compositions. As a result, patient satisfaction can also be affected. The effect of two instillation gels, Endosgel versus ExEmgel, using both the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and a Continuous Pain Score Meter (CPSM) was therefore compared.

Electronic Continuous Pain Measurement vs Verbal Rating Scale in gynaecology: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: To compare pain measured with a new electronic device - the Continuous Pain Score Meter (CPSM) - and the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) during gynaecological procedures in an outpatient setting, and to correlate these outcomes with baseline anxiety and patient (in)tolerance to the procedure.

Study Design: This prospective cohort study was undertaken in two centres: a university hospital and a large teaching hospital in The Netherlands. Patients undergoing an outpatient hysteroscopy, colposcopy or ovum pick-up procedure for in-vitro fertilization in one of the two participating hospitals with availability of the CPSM were included.