Hybrid compatible grid forming inverters with coordinated regulation for low inertia and mixed generation grids.

The rapid displacement of synchronous generators (SGs) by renewable energy sources has resulted in low-inertia power systems that are increasingly vulnerable to frequency instability, poor power-sharing coordination, and limited fault recovery. In this context, this paper proposes a comprehensive control and system-level realization of Hybrid-Compatible Grid-Forming Inverters (HC-GFIs)- a novel inverter framework designed to emulate synchronous generator behavior while enhancing interoperability in mixed-generation systems. The control architecture of the HC-GFIs is designed as a multi-layered cascaded structure incorporating active power-frequency droop control, voltage regulation loops, a current-limiting regulator, and a dynamic current control layer.