Paediatric acute liver failure: A prospective, nationwide, population-based surveillance study in Germany.

Objectives: Paediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a rare but life-threatening condition, yet comprehensive epidemiological data in Germany are lacking. Our study aimed to systematically analyse incidence, aetiology, and outcome of PALF in Germany.

Methods: In a nationwide, population-based surveillance study, cases of PALF (defined following the PALF study group inclusion criteria) were queried from 2016 to 2018 through the German Paediatric Surveillance Unit (ESPED).

Hepatic Phenotype in NBAS-Associated Disease: Clinical Course, Prognostic Factors and Outcome in 230 Patients.

Background And Aims: Since described in 2015, NBAS-associated disease has emerged as an important cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in children. We analysed the variable expression, genotype-phenotype association, outcome and prognostic factors of the hepatic involvement.

Methods: Individuals with biallelic pathogenic NBAS variants were recruited within an international observational study, including new and previously published patients.

Disorders of vesicular trafficking presenting with recurrent acute liver failure: NBAS, RINT1, and SCYL1 deficiency.

Among genetic disorders of vesicular trafficking, there are three causing recurrent acute liver failure (RALF): NBAS, RINT1, and SCYL1-associated disease. These three disorders are characterized by liver crises triggered by febrile infections and account for a relevant proportion of RALF causes. While the frequency and severity of liver crises in NBAS and RINT1-associated disease decrease with age, patients with SCYL1 variants present with a progressive, cholestatic course.

Impact of genetic and non-genetic factors on phenotypic diversity in NBAS-associated disease.

Biallelic pathogenic variants in neuroblastoma-amplified sequence (NBAS) cause a pleiotropic multisystem disorder. Three clinical subgroups have been defined correlating with the localisation of pathogenic variants in the NBAS gene: variants affecting the C-terminal region of NBAS result in SOPH syndrome (short stature, optic atrophy, Pelger-Huët anomaly), variants affecting the Sec 39 domain are associated with infantile liver failure syndrome type 2 (ILFS2) and variants affecting the ß-propeller domain give rise to a combined phenotype. However, there is still unexplained phenotypic diversity across the three subgroups, challenging the current concept of genotype-phenotype correlations in NBAS-associated disease.

Pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum period in infantile liver failure syndrome type 2 due to variants in .

Biallelic pathogenic variants in the neuroblastoma amplified sequence () gene affecting the Sec39 domain are associated with a predominant hepatic phenotype named infantile liver failure syndrome type 2 (ILFS2). Individuals are at risk of developing life-threatening acute liver failure episodes, most likely triggered by febrile infections. Pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period are well known triggers of decompensation in different inherited metabolic diseases and therefore entail a potential risk also for individuals with ILFS2.

NBAS Variants Are Associated with Quantitative and Qualitative NK and B Cell Deficiency.

Purpose: Biallelic pathogenic NBAS variants manifest as a multisystem disorder with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes such as recurrent acute liver failure, growth retardation, and susceptibility to infections. This study explores how NBAS-associated disease affects cells of the innate and adaptive immune system.

Methods: Clinical and laboratory parameters were combined with functional multi-parametric immunophenotyping methods in fifteen NBAS-deficient patients to discover possible alterations in their immune system.

Defining clinical subgroups and genotype-phenotype correlations in NBAS-associated disease across 110 patients.

Purpose: Pathogenic variants in neuroblastoma-amplified sequence (NBAS) cause an autosomal recessive disorder with a wide range of symptoms affecting liver, skeletal system, and brain, among others. There is a continuously growing number of patients but a lack of systematic and quantitative analysis.

Methods: Individuals with biallelic variants in NBAS were recruited within an international, multicenter study, including novel and previously published patients.

Fluoride varnishes with calcium glycerophosphate: fluoride release and effect on in vitro enamel demineralization.

The aims of this study were (1) to assess the amount of fluoride (F) released from varnishes containing calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) and (2) to assess the effect of the experimental varnishes on in vitro demineralization. Six test groups using 5 varnishes: base varnish (no active ingredients); Duraphat® (2.26% NaF); Duofluorid® (5.