Misconduct in Biomedical Research: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to assess the nature and prevalence of misconduct in self and nonself-reported biomedical research.

Materials And Methods: A detailed review of previously conducted studies was conducted through PubMed Central, PubMed, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms: "scientific misconduct," "Publications," "plagiarism," and "authorship," and keywords: scientific misconduct, gift authorship, ghost authorship, and duplicate publication. MeSH terms and keywords were searched in combinations using Boolean operators "AND" and "OR.

Oral health promotion among rural school children through teachers: an interventional study.

Background: The lack of national oral health policy and organized school dental health programs in the country call for affordable, accessible, and sustainable strategies.

Objectives: The objective was to compare the oral hygiene, plaque, gingival, and dental caries status among rural children receiving dental health education by qualified dentists and school teachers with and without supply of oral hygiene aids.

Materials And Methods: This interventional study was conducted among 15-year-old children selected randomly from four schools in Nalgonda district between September 2009 and February 2010.

Malocclusion status among 15 years old adolescents in relation to fluoride concentration and area of residence.

Objectives: To compare the overall dental aesthetic index scores between rural and urban areas, males and females, and to correlate dental aesthetic index score with fluoride concentration in drinking water.

Settings And Design: The study was cross sectional and conducted among 15 year old adolescents in the rural and urban areas of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India (an endemic fluoride belt).

Materials And Methods: Six out of 59 mandals in Nalgonda district were first selected by simple random sampling technique.