Mixed methods evaluation of a digital tool to support the transfer of medication information from ICU to ward.

Background: Transfer of medication information from intensive care units (ICUs) to general wards is error prone. Additional challenges emerge in hospitals where a different electronic medical record (eMR) is used in ICU and wards. Digital transfer systems, that support information transfer between different eMRs, could minimise errors, but limited research has evaluated these.

Antimicrobial stewardship in regional hospitals: a human factors evaluation of barriers and facilitators and the role of technology.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes aim to optimise antimicrobial prescribing. Regional hospitals have reduced access to resources that are essential for conducting AMS initiatives. Technology has the potential to reduce these challenges if implemented and used effectively.

Enhancing Clinical Decision Support: A Heuristic Evaluation of Explainable AI in Healthcare Dashboards.

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is crucial for enhancing transparency, interpretability and actionability of AI systems, particularly in healthcare. The SAD XAI Dashboard, a clinical decision support (CDS) tool for sepsis-associated delirium (SAD), assists physicians in understanding AI-driven predictions for SAD. Our study aimed to evaluate the XAI dashboard's compliance with an XAI usability heuristics checklist.

User-Centered Methods in Explainable AI Development for Hospital Clinical Decision Support: A Scoping Review.

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) offers promising advancements in enhancing transparency and usability of AI-based Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) in healthcare settings. These tools aim to improve clinical outcomes by assisting with diagnosis, treatment planning, and risk prediction. However, integrating XAI into clinical workflows requires effective involvement of healthcare professionals to ensure that the explanations provided by these tools are comprehensible, relevant, and actionable.

Effectiveness of computerised alerts to reduce drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and DDI-related harm in hospitalised patients: a quasi-experimental controlled pre-post study.

Background: Drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts target the co-prescription of two potentially interacting medications and are a frequent feature of electronic medical records (EMRs). There have been few controlled studies evaluating the effectiveness of DDI alerts. This study aimed to determine the impact of DDI alerts on rates of DDIs and on associated patient harms.

Facilitators and Barriers to Uptake of Drug-Drug Interaction Alerts: Perspectives of Australian End Users and Managers.

Background:  Drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts in electronic systems are frequently implemented to minimize the occurrence of preventable DDIs. While prescribers recognize the potential benefits of DDI alerts, a large proportion are overridden by users.

Objectives:  This study aimed to explore and compare prescribers' and managers' perspectives of DDI alerts.

Qualitative study of challenges with recruitment of hospitals into a cluster controlled trial of clinical decision support in Australia.

Objective: To identify barriers to hospital participation in controlled cluster trials of clinical decision support (CDS) and potential strategies for addressing barriers.

Design: Qualitative descriptive design comprising semistructured interviews.

Setting: Five hospitals in New South Wales and one hospital in Queensland, Australia.

Drug-Drug Interactions and Actual Harm to Hospitalized Patients: A Multicentre Study Examining the Prevalence Pre- and Post-Electronic Medication System Implementation.

Introduction: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) have potential to cause patient harm, including lowering therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to (i) determine the prevalence of potential DDIs (pDDIs); clinically relevant DDIs (cDDIs), that is, DDIs that could lead to patient harm, taking into account a patient's individual clinical profile, drug effects and severity of potential harmful outcome; and subsequent actual harm among hospitalized patients and (ii) examine the impact of transitioning from paper-based medication charts to electronic medication management (eMM) on DDIs and patient harms.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the control arm of a controlled pre-post study.

A tale of 2 digital hospitals: A qualitative study of antimicrobial stewardship teams.

Aims: We aim to examine and understand the work processes of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) teams across 2 hospitals that use the same digital intervention, and to identify the barriers and enablers to effective AMS in each setting.

Methods: Employing a contextual inquiry approach informed by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model, observations and semistructured interviews were conducted with AMS team members (n = 15) in 2 Australian hospitals. Qualitative data analysis was conducted, mapping themes to the SEIPS framework.

Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) During COVID-19: Eyes and Ears on the AMS Team.

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs in hospitals comprise coordinated strategies to optimise antimicrobial use. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the healthcare system, including AMS. This study aimed to understand the work processes of AMS teams during COVID-19 hospital restrictions and the role technology played in supporting AMS.

Is evidence of effectiveness a driver for clinical decision support selection? A qualitative descriptive study of senior hospital staff.

Limited research has focused on understanding if and how evidence of health information technology (HIT) effectiveness drives the selection and implementation of technologies in practice. This study aimed to explore the views of senior hospital staff on the role evidence plays in the selection and implementation of HIT, with a particular focus on clinical decision support (CDS) alerts in electronic medication management systems. A qualitative descriptive design was used.

Digital interventions for antimicrobial prescribing and monitoring: a qualitative meta-synthesis of factors influencing user acceptance.

Objective: To understand and synthesize factors influencing user acceptance of digital interventions used for antimicrobial prescribing and monitoring in hospitals.

Materials And Methods: A meta-synthesis was conducted to identify qualitative studies that explored user acceptance of digital interventions for antimicrobial prescribing and/or monitoring in hospitals. Databases were searched and qualitative data were extracted and systematically classified using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model.

Prescribers' reported acceptance and use of drug-drug interaction alerts: An Australian survey.

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts are frequently included in electronic medical record (eMR) systems to provide users with relevant information and guidance at the point of care. In this study, we aimed to examine views of DDI alerts among prescribers, including junior doctors, registrars and senior doctors, across Australia. A validated survey for assessing prescribers' reported acceptance and use of DDI alerts was distributed among researcher networks and in newsletters.

The impact of digital interventions on antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals: a qualitative synthesis of systematic reviews.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes in hospitals support optimal antimicrobial use by utilizing strategies such as restriction policies and education. Several systematic reviews on digital interventions supporting AMS have been conducted but they have focused on specific interventions and outcomes.

Objectives: To provide a systematic overview and synthesis of evidence on the effectiveness of digital interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing and monitoring in hospitals.

Impact of Electronic Medication Management on the Physical Location of Work in a Paediatric Setting.

Electronic medication management (eMM) systems can have a significant impact on efficiency and safety. There is limited evidence on the effects of eMM implementation on the physical location of work. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of eMM and associated hardware implementation on the location of tasks performed by doctors and nurses.

Optimizing clinical decision support alerts in electronic medical records: a systematic review of reported strategies adopted by hospitals.

Objective: To identify and summarize the current internal governance processes adopted by hospitals, as reported in the literature, for selecting, optimizing, and evaluating clinical decision support (CDS) alerts in order to identify effective approaches.

Materials And Methods: Databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, CADTH, and WorldCat) were searched to identify relevant papers published from January 2010 to April 2020. All paper types published in English that reported governance processes for selecting and/or optimizing CDS alerts in hospitals were included.

The impact of introducing automated dispensing cabinets, barcode medication administration, and closed-loop electronic medication management systems on work processes and safety of controlled medications in hospitals: A systematic review.

Background: Technology in the form of Automated Dispensing Cabinets (ADCs), Barcode Medication Administration (BCMA), and closed-loop Electronic Medication Management Systems (EMMS) are implemented in hospitals to assist with the supply, use and monitoring of medications. Although there is evidence to suggest that these technologies can reduce errors and improve monitoring of medications in general, little is known about their impact on controlled medications such as opioids.

Objectives: This review aimed to fill this knowledge gap by synthesising literature to determine the impact of ADCs, BCMA and closed-loop EMMS on clinical work processes, medication safety, and drug diversion associated with controlled medications in the inpatient setting.

The efficiency-thoroughness trade-off after implementation of electronic medication management: a qualitative study in paediatric oncology.

Objective: The efficiency-thoroughness trade-off (ETTO) principle proposes that people and organizations are often required to make a trade-off between being efficient and being thorough, as it is difficult to be both efficient and thorough at the same time. This study aimed to compare pre- electronic medication management system (EMMS) expectation of how an EMMS is likely to impact on efficiency and thoroughness to post-EMM experiences of an EMMS and the ETTO.

Design: Qualitative interview study.

An experimental investigation of the impact of alert frequency and relevance on alert dwell time.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the impact of alert frequency and relevance on alert dwell time.

Method: A 2 × 3 design was used where 127 university students completed 60 prescribing tasks and were presented with a variable frequency of computerized alerts (low, medium and high) with variable relevance (low and high). Participants were instructed to override an alert if it was not relevant to their prescription, and to cancel the order if the alert signalled an error in their order.

Prescriber perceptions of medication-related computerized decision support systems in hospitals: A synthesis of qualitative research.

Objective: To identify factors that prevent and promote uptake of medication-related computerized decision support systems (CDSS) in hospitals, based on the perceptions of prescribers.

Materials And Methods: Databases Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO and the top five medical informatics journals were searched. English papers published after 2002, which used a qualitative approach to examine prescriber views of CDSS in hospitals were included.

Optimising computerised decision support to transform medication safety and reduce prescriber burden: study protocol for a mixed-methods evaluation of drug-drug interaction alerts.

Introduction: Drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts in hospital electronic medication management (EMM) systems are generated at the point of prescribing to warn doctors about potential interactions in their patients' medication orders. This project aims to determine the impact of DDI alerts on DDI rates and on patient harm in the inpatient setting. It also aims to identify barriers and facilitators to optimal use of alerts, quantify the alert burden posed to prescribers with implementation of DDI alerts and to develop algorithms to improve the specificity of DDI alerting systems.

Education to improve vancomycin use: the perspectives of educators and education recipients.

Background: Vancomycin is the primary treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Hospital audits have showed that dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring practices for vancomycin are suboptimal. Limited studies have examined the current educational resources used to support vancomycin use.