Increased protein expression of interleukin-10 and its signalling molecules in colon cancer progression: potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.

Background: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) regulates immune responses in solid tumours, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear due to inconsistent findings. Tumour location is a critical prognostic factor, with proximal tumours often linked to worse outcomes. However, the relationship between IL-10 expression and tumour site is poorly understood.

IL-10-Directed Cancer Immunotherapy: Preclinical Advances, Clinical Insights, and Future Perspectives.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a dimeric cytokine encoded by the gene on chromosome 1 [...

Polydatin Mitigates Lead-Induced Nephropathy by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and the AMPK/AKT/Nrf2 Pathway in Rats.

This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying lead (Pb)-induced nephropathy and assessed the nephroprotective potential of Polydatin (PD). Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 8/group): negative control (NC), normal rats treated with 200 mg/kg/day of PD (NPD200), positive control (PC) receiving Pb only (30 mg/kg/day), and two groups co-administered Pb with PD (100 or 200 mg/kg/day). Serum and urine Pb levels were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Exploring potential additive effects of 5-fluorouracil, thymoquinone, and coenzyme Q10 triple therapy on colon cancer cells in relation to glycolysis and redox status modulation.

Background: To investigate the anticancer effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), thymoquinone (TQ), and/or coenzyme Q10 (CQ10), alone and combined, in HT29, SW480, and SW620 human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines.

Methods: Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Gene and protein expression of molecules involved in apoptosis (BLC2, survivin, BAX, Cytochrome-C, and Caspase-3), cell cycle (CCND1, CCND3, p21, and p27), the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF1α oncogenic pathway, and glycolysis (LDHA, PDH, and PDHK1) were also analysed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot.

Protective effects of oral pharmaceutical solution of fucoxanthin against paracetamol-induced liver injury: modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, oxidative stress, and apoptotic pathways in rats.

Background: Paracetamol (PAC) overdose causes acute liver injury through oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. While N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is the standard treatment, fucoxanthin (FUC), a carotenoid from brown seaweed, has shown hepatoprotective effects in animal studies, but its role in PAC toxicity is unclear.

Objective: Compared to NAC, this study assessed the hepatoprotective potential of oral FUC solution toward PAC-induced injury to the rat's liver.

Cytotoxic activity, selectivity, and clonogenicity of fruits and resins of Saudi medicinal plants against human liver adenocarcinoma.

Background: Edible fruits and resins provide various benefits to mankind including potential medicinal applications. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity, selectivity, and clonogenicity of fruits and exudates of certain Saudi medicinal plants ( (BEP-09), (L.) Miller (BEP-10), Roxb.

Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Blood donation is vital for healthcare; however, transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) pose a serious risk. This study investigated the seroprevalence of TTIs among Saudi blood donors.

Methodology: This retrospective study included male blood donors aged ≥ 18 years who donated blood at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in Makkah from January 2017 to December 2022.

In-vitro Cytotoxicity Investigations for Phytoconstituents of Saudi Medicinal Plants With Putative Ocular Effects.

Background: Metastatic secondary ocular tumors spread from systemic malignancies, including breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of extracts from 5 medicinal plants native to Saudi Arabia.

Methods: For preliminary activity screening, cytotoxicity using the MTT assay and selectivity index determinations were made for medicinal plant extracts against various cancer cell-lines.

Doxorubicin-sanguinarine nanoparticles: formulation and evaluation of breast cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle.

Background: Therapeutic resistance fails cancer treatment. Drug-nanoparticle combinations overcome resistance. Sanguinarine-conjugated nanoparticles may boost sanguinarine's anticancer effects.

Improved Glycaemic Control and Nephroprotective Effects of Empagliflozin and Paricalcitol Co-Therapy in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Herein, we measured the antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (empagliflozin; SGLT2i) and synthetic active vitamin D (paricalcitol; Pcal) mono- and co-therapy against diabetic nephropathy (DN). Fifty mice were assigned into negative (NC) and positive (PC) control, SGLT2i, Pcal, and SGLT2i+Pcal groups. Following establishment of DN, SGLT2i (5.

Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Protective Effects of Fucoxanthin against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats.

Paracetamol or acetaminophen (PAC) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug. It has been shown that overdoses beyond the therapeutic range can cause hepatotoxicity and acute liver injury. The most common cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in Saudi Arabia and worldwide is paracetamol overdose.

Insights from the molecular docking analysis of EGFR antagonists.

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to be a critical factor in tumor development and cancer progression. Although established EGFR inhibitors have been effective in the treatment of cancer, they are associated with several side effects. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop novel EGFR inhibitors that can effectively target the receptor while causing no adverse side effects.

The Quality of Blood Donation Services and Its Association with Blood Donors' Trust and Loyalty at Makkah Blood Donation Centers in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The current cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the quality of blood donation services and its association with blood donors' trust and loyalty at Makkah blood donation centers in Saudi Arabia. A total of 373 healthy blood donors aged ≥18 years who visited blood donation centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, between 1st and 28th February 2023 were recruited using a census sampling method. A pre-tested and validated Arabic language questionnaire was employed.

Vitamin D3 alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats by inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation via the SREBP-1-c/ PPARα-NF-κB/IR-S2 signaling pathway.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease characterized by fat deposits in liver cells, which can lead to hepatitis and fibrosis. This study attempted to explore the protective effect of vitamin D3 (VitD) against NAFLD. Adult male albino rats were randomized into four separate groups: the negative control group was fed a standard rat chow; the positive group received a high-fat diet (20%) and 25% fructose water (NAFLD); the VitD control group was intramuscularly treated with VitD (1,000 IU/kg BW) 3 days per week for 10 weeks; and the NAFLD group was treated with VitD therapy.

Vitamin D and calcium co-therapy mitigates pre-established cadmium nephropathy by regulating renal calcium homeostatic molecules and improving anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in rat.

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental pollutant and chronic toxicity could induce nephropathy by increasing renal oxidative stress and inflammation. Although vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca) prophylactic treatments attenuated Cd-induced cell injury, none of the prior studies measure their renoprotective effects against pre-established Cd-nephropathy.

Aims: To measure the alleviating effects of VD and/or Ca single and dual therapies against pre-established nephrotoxicity induced by chronic Cd toxicity prior to treatment initiation.

Profiling estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors in colorectal cancer in relation to gender, menopausal status, clinical stage, and tumour sidedness.

Background: Although estrogen (ERα/ERβ), progesterone (PGR), and androgen (AR) receptors are pathologically altered in colorectal cancer (CRC), their simultaneous expression within the same cohort of patients was not previously measured.

Methods: ERα/ERβ/PGR/AR proteins were measured in archived paired normal and malignant colon specimens (n =120 patients) by immunohistochemistry, and results were analyzed by gender, age (≤50 vs. ≥60 years), clinical stages (early-stage I/II vs.

Hepatoprotective and Neuroprotective Effects of Naringenin against Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats.

Naringenin (NRG) is one of the most important naturally occurring flavonoids, predominantly found in some edible fruits, such as citrus species and tomatoes. It has several biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic, and cardioprotective effects. The heavy metal lead is toxic and triggers oxidative stress, which causes toxicity in many organs, including the liver and brain.

and Citral Overcome Doxorubicin Resistance in Cancer Cells via Modulating the Drug's Metabolism, Toxicity, and Multidrug Transporters.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major complex mechanism that causes the failure of chemotherapy, especially with drugs of natural origin such as doxorubicin (DOX). Intracellular drug accumulation and detoxification are also involved in cancer resistance by reducing the susceptibility of cancer cells to death. This research aims to identify the volatile composition of (lemon grass; LG) essential oil and compare the ability of LG and its major compound, citral, to modulate MDR in resistant cell lines.

Patterns of acute poisoning for children during outbreak of Corona virus in Makkah region Saudi Arabia.

Background: Poisoning occurs when a person is exposed to an external substance at a too high dose for them. It is possible for young children to be exposed to chemicals. Lungs, the heart, CNS, the digestive tract, and kidneys can be poisoned.

Metformin and thymoquinone co-treatment enhance 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity by suppressing the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α pathway and increasing oxidative stress in colon cancer cells.

This study investigated the chemotherapeutic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), metformin (Met), and/or thymoquinone (TQ) single/dual/triple therapies in the HT29, SW480 and SW620 colon cancer (CRC) cell lines. Cell cycle/apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The gene and protein expression of apoptosis (PCNA/survivin/BAX/Cytochrome-C/Caspase-3) and cell cycle (CCND1/CCND3/p21/p27) molecules, the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α oncogenic pathway, and glycolysis regulatory enzymes were measured by quantitative-PCR and Western blot.

Enhanced anti-cancer effects of oestrogen and progesterone co-therapy against colorectal cancer in males.

Although ovarian sex steroids could have protective roles against colorectal cancer (CRC) in women, little is currently known about their potential anti-tumorigenic effects in men. Hence, this study measured the therapeutic effects of 17β-oestradiol (E2) and/or progesterone (P4) against azoxymethane-induced CRC in male mice that were divided into (n = 10 mice/group): negative (NC) and positive (PC) controls, E2 (580 µg/Kg/day; five times/week) and P4 (2.9 mg/Kg/day; five times/week) monotherapies, and concurrent (EP) and sequential (E/P) co-therapy groups.

Deferasirox and vitamin D co-therapy mitigates iron-induced renal injury by enhanced modulation of cellular anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and iron regulatory pathways in rat.

Background: Chronic iron overload could induce nephropathy via oxidative stress and inflammation, and chelating therapy has limited efficacy in removing excess intracellular iron. Although vitamin D (VD) has shown potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well contribute to iron homeostasis, none of the previous studies measured its potential remedial effects against chronic iron toxicity.

Aims: To measure the alleviating effects of deferasirox (DFX) and/or vitamin D (VD) single and combined therapies against nephrotoxicity induced by chronic iron overload.

Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Protective Effects of -Caryophyllene against Amikacin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat by Regulating the Nrf2/AMPK/AKT and NF-B/TGF-/KIM-1 Molecular Pathways.

Herein, the molecular pathogenic pathways implicated in renal injury triggered by amikacin (AK), together with the alleviating actions of -caryophyllene (BCP), were investigated. Adult male Wistar rats ( = 32) were disseminated to the four following groups ( = 8/group): normal group, positive control animals (PC) that received AK intraperitoneal injections for 14 days (500 mg/kg/day), and rats that received AK simultaneously with small (200 mg/kg/day) and high doses (400 mg/kg/day) of BCP. The PC renal tissues revealed abnormal histology alongside increased apoptosis and significantly elevated serum creatinine and urea with marked proteinuria and oliguria relative to the normal rats.

Associations of Clinical Factors and Blood Groups With the Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia.

Context: The possible associations between the different blood groups and clinical factors with COVID-19 infection among patients in Makkah city.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infection in patients who were tested positive and to elucidate the most common ABO blood groups with a higher infectivity of COVID-19 and disease association.

Materials And Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study that included COVID-19 patients diagnosed with PCR and who were hospitalized in Al-Noor Specialist Hospital (Makkah) during the period between March to November 2020.