Systematic Review and Expert Consensus on the Use of Long-acting Monoclonal Antibodies for Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease: ARMADA (Advancing RSV Management And Disease Awareness) Taskforce.

Background: Long-acting monoclonal antibodies (LAmAbs) could dramatically reduce the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease burden in children if implemented using clear, evidence-based recommendations.

Methods: The ARMADA Taskforce-an international, multidisciplinary expert panel-undertook a systematic review to develop LAmAbs consensus recommendations for RSV disease prevention in children.

Results: The Taskforce recommends LAmAbs for all infants aged <8 months in the absence of maternal RSV vaccination, preterm infants (<37 weeks' gestational age) aged <12 months, and children <24 months with high-risk conditions.

Post-Pandemic Dynamics of the Global Circulation of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Background: Understanding the seasonality of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is important for public health planning. It can support rationale for using another country data to model immunization strategies where seasonality data are lacking. While some studies have investigated (sub)-national seasonality drivers, this is the first to describe global seasonality for RSV and hMPV.

Respiratory syncytial virus immunization in children: The old, the new and what's just around the corner.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection, hospitalization, morbidity and mortality in young children. This review summarizes current RSV immunization strategies and parental perspectives on their use. Until recently, immunization was limited to high-risk infants and children, including those born prematurely or with significant co-morbidities, monthly dosing with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) palivizumab.

The effects of race on anti-PD-(L)1 monoclonal antibodies in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents approximately 85 % of lung cancers, with five-year survival only 4.5 % for metastatic disease. Programmed death (ligand)-1 (PD-[L]1) inhibitors have advanced NSCLC treatment, but patient demographics can potentially affect clinical outcomes.

Parental Knowledge and Understanding of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and How to Decrease the Risk of Infection: The Canadian Premature Babies Foundation Survey 2023.

The purpose of this survey is to evaluate parental knowledge of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and its prevention. The study design used is an online survey. A total of 331 Canadian parents of preterm infants completed the survey.

Optimizing risk factors to guide COST-effective use of palivizumab in KOREAN infants.

Background: Korean infants born at 32-35 weeks gestational age (wGA) receive palivizumab prophylaxis to prevent respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization (RSVH) if they are born during the RSV season and have a sibling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of using the International Risk Scoring Tool (IRST) to target prophylaxis in Korea.

Methods: The IRST includes 3 risk factors: birth 3 months before to 2 months after the RSV season starts; smokers in the household and/or smoking while pregnant; and, siblings/daycare.

Twenty-five years of palivizumab: a global historic review of its impact on the burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease in children.

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in young children. For 25 years, palivizumab has been the only effective pharmaceutical RSV preventive.

Areas Covered: We summarize the development and a quarter-century of real-world evidence with palivizumab.

Cost-effectiveness of wastewater and environmental monitoring of respiratory syncytial virus to guide universal infant immunoprophylaxis in Canada.

Aims: To compare the cost-effectiveness of wastewater and environmental monitoring (WEM) clinical surveillance (CS)-guided respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis programs in Canada.

Materials And Methods: A cost-utility model was developed comprising two identical decision trees for RSV-WEM and RSV-CS. Within each tree, children could conservatively receive nirsevimab prophylaxis (71% coverage) or not at the start of the RSV season and subsequently experience an RSV-related hospitalization, medically-attended, non-hospitalized RSV-infection, or be uninfected/non-medically attended.

Perspective: the potential of wastewater-based surveillance as an economically feasible game changer in reducing the global burden of pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of childhood bronchiolitis and pneumonia causing over 3 million hospitalizations and 100,000 deaths in children under 5 years of age annually. Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has proven an effective early warning system for high-consequence pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, polio, mpox, and influenza, but has yet to be fully leveraged for RSV surveillance. A model predicated on the Canadian province of Ontario demonstrates that implementation of a WBS system can potentially result in significant cost savings and clinical benefits when guiding an RSV preventive program with a long-acting monoclonal antibody.

Understanding Policy Decisions and Their Implications Regarding Preventive Interventions for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection in Canadian Infants: A Primer for Nurses.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization in young children, and prevention is the primary management strategy. At present, palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody providing immediate passive immunity, rather than a vaccine that induces active immunity, is the only preventive intervention used in routine practice internationally. In Canada, access varies across the country.

A new cost-utility analysis assessing risk factor-guided prophylaxis with palivizumab for the prevention of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in Italian infants born at 29-35 weeks' gestational age.

Since the last Italian cost-utility assessment of palivizumab in 2009, new data on the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and an International Risk Scoring Tool (IRST) have become available. The objective of this study was to provide an up-to-date cost-utility assessment of palivizumab versus no prophylaxis for the prevention of severe RSV infection in otherwise healthy Italian infants born at 29-31 weeks' gestational age (wGA) infants and those 32-35wGA infants categorized as either moderate- or high-risk of RSV-hospitalization (RSVH) by the IRST. A decision tree was constructed in which infants received palivizumab or no prophylaxis and then could experience: i) RSVH; ii) emergency room medically-attended RSV-infection (MARI); or, iii) remain uninfected/non-medically attended.

Impact of using the International Risk Scoring Tool on the cost-utility of palivizumab for preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in Canadian moderate-to-late preterm infants.

Background And Objective: To assess the cost-utility of palivizumab no prophylaxis in preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in Canadian moderate-to-late preterm (32-35 weeks' gestational age) infants using an (i) International Risk Scoring Tool (IRST) and (ii) Canadian RST (CRST).

Methods: A decision tree was developed to assess cost-utility. Infants assessed at moderate- and high-risk of RSV-related hospitalization (RSVH) by the IRST or CRST received palivizumab or no prophylaxis and then progressed to either (i) RSVH; (ii) emergency room/outpatient medically attended RSV-infection (MARI) or (iii) were uninfected/non-medically attended.

Identifying the research, advocacy, policy and implementation needs for the prevention and management of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in low- and middle-income countries.

Introduction: The high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young children disproportionately occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The PROUD (Preventing RespiratOry syncytial virUs in unDerdeveloped countries) Taskforce of 24 RSV worldwide experts assessed key needs for RSV prevention in LMICs, including vaccine and newer preventive measures.

Methods: A global, survey-based study was undertaken in 2021.

Adoption in Canada of an international risk scoring tool to predict respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in moderate-to-late preterm infants.

Objective: The advisory board to the Ontario Ministry of Health considered adopting the new three-variable international risk scoring tool (IRST) to guide prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization (RSVH) in moderate-to-late preterm infants born 32-35 weeks' gestational age (wGA). Canada currently uses a nationally validated, seven-variable RST, to predict RSVH in 33-35 wGA infants. We explored the potential implications of switching from the Canadian to the IRST.

Introduction of biosimilar pegfilgrastim in France: Economic analysis of switching from originator.

Objectives: To assess the economic impact of introducing biosimilar pegfilgrastim compared to the current standard granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) practice in France.

Methods: A budget impact model was developed to investigate the impact of introducing pegfilgrastim biosimilar over 5 years. The model analysed drug acquisition costs, ambulatory costs, as well as costs associated with poor outcomes, and compared the current standard practice of long-acting and short-acting G-CSF to a revised practice including pegfilgrastim biosimilar in addition to standard practice treatments.

Challenges in the prevention or treatment of RSV with emerging new agents in children from low- and middle-income countries.

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes approximately 120,000 deaths annually in children <5 years, with 99% of fatalities occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Areas Covered: There are numerous RSV interventions in development, including long-acting monoclonal antibodies, vaccines (maternal and child) and treatments which are expected to become available soon. We reviewed the key challenges and issues that need to be addressed to maximize the impact of these interventions in LMICs.

Association between respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in infancy and childhood asthma.

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus infection in early childhood has been linked to longer-term respiratory morbidity; however, debate persists around its impact on asthma. The objective was to assess the association between respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization and childhood asthma.

Methods: Asthma hospital admissions and medication use through 18 years were compared in children with (cases) and without (controls) respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in the first 2 years of life.

Clinical burden of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first 2 years of life in children born between 2000 and 2011 in Scotland.

National data from Scotland (all births from 2000 to 2011) were used to estimate the burden associated with respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation (RSVH) during the first 2 years of life. RSVHs were identified using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes. Of 623,770 children, 13,362 (2.

IBD2020 global forum: results of an international patient survey on quality of care.

Background/aims: IBD2020 is a global forum for standards of care in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the IBD2020 survey was to identify and describe variations in quality care of IBD.

Methods: Patients with IBD from Finland, Italy, France, Canada, Germany, UK, Spain and Sweden were surveyed during 2013 to 2014, covering: disease characteristics; impact on life and work; organization and perceived quality of care.

Risk scoring tool to predict respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation in premature infants.

Background: The objective was to develop a risk scoring tool which predicts respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation (RSVH) in moderate-late preterm infants (32-35 weeks' gestational age) in the Northern Hemisphere.

Methods: Risk factors for RSVH were pooled from six observational studies of infants born 32 weeks and 0 days to 35 weeks and 6 days without comorbidity from 2000 to 2014. Of 13 475 infants, 484 had RSVH in the first year of life.

Interaction between healthcare professionals and parents is a key determinant of parental distress during childhood hospitalisation for respiratory syncytial virus infection (European RSV Outcomes Study [EROS]).

Aim: We characterised the distress that parents experienced when their child was hospitalised for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

Methods: This survey-based, observational study was conducted during 2014-2015. Meetings were held in Spain and Italy, with 24 parents of RSV hospitalised infants and 11 healthcare professionals experienced in RSV, which identified 110 factors related to parental distress.

Burden of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Among 33-35 Weeks' Gestational Age Infants Born During Multiple Respiratory Syncytial Virus Seasons.

Background: Moderate-late preterm infants, 33-35 weeks' gestational age (wGA), are at increased risk for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization (RSVH). The objective of this study is to quantify the burden of RSVH in moderate-late preterm infants.

Methods: A pooled analysis was conducted on RSVH from 7 prospective, observational studies in the Northern Hemisphere from 2000 to 2014.