Cell death in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammatory demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration. Although current disease-modifying therapies modulate peripheral autoimmune responses, they are insufficient to fully prevent tissue specific neuroinflammation and long-term neuronal and oligodendrocyte loss. Growing evidence implicates various regulated cell death (RCD) pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, not only as downstream consequences of chronic inflammation, but also as active drivers of demyelination, axonal injury, and glial dysfunction in MS.

Exploring the potential of microwave processing for improved microbial safety and nutritional quality of liquid milk.

This study systematically compared the effects of microwave (MW) and conventional thermal (CT) processing on microbial inactivation, enzyme activity, protein retention, and nutritional characteristics of bovine milk under pasteurization (70 °C for 20 s) and ultra-high temperature (UHT) sterilization conditions. Both technologies achieved effective microbial reduction (>4 log CFU/mL) for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp., complying with EU and FDA safety standards.

Reliable Strategy for the Covalent Bonding of MOFs to SiC Membranes for Ultrastable Noble Metal Capture in Harsh Environments.

Silicon carbide (SiC) membranes combine exceptional chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability but suffer from surface inertness that precludes functionalization. Conversely, MOFs offer unmatched molecular selectivity but are typically powders, severely limiting their practical use. To address this, we develop a generalizable route to fabricate ultrastable MOF@SiC membranes via sequential oxidation and acidification, creating abundant Si-OH sites on SiC surfaces that covalently bond with Zr-MOF crystals; the bonding mechanism between MOFs and substrates has been extensively studied.

Anti-Inflammatory Modified Fuzi Decoction Antagonizes Synovial TNF-α/TRAF2/NF-κB Signaling to Remedy Osteoarthritis.

Purpose: To assess the pharmacodynamic effects and therapeutic mechanisms of modified Fuzi decoction (MFZD) in osteoarthritis (OA), particularly OA-related inflammation.

Methods: The main components of MFZD were identified using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). An OA model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats via intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate (MIA) to evaluate the anti-OA efficacy of MFZD via gavage.

Epidemiology and Genetic Surveillance of Human Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Shandong Province, Eastern China, 2019-2023.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has emerged as a major agent of acute viral hepatitis, with zoonotic genotype 4 (HEV-4) representing a public health concern in China. In this study, we integrated province-wide enhanced hepatitis E surveillance data and molecular profiling from Shandong Province of eastern China, 2019-2023, with the aim of elucidating the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and clinical correlations of autochthonous HEV infections. In total, 5826 cases were reported during the study period, with 72.