Cognitive control in schizophrenia spectrum disorders is associated with long-term movement activity rather than single-bout exercise.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) suffer from impaired cognitive functions. Previous studies in healthy individuals have shown that a single bout of physical exercise benefits cognitive functions. Such enhancements in cognitive function would be highly beneficial, particularly for patients with SSD, as cognitive abilities play a vital role in both mental and physical health.

Circulating epigenetic signatures classifying brain insulin resistance in humans.

Brain insulin action plays an important role in metabolic and cognitive health, but there is no biomarker available to assess brain insulin resistance in humans. Here, we developed a machine learning framework based on blood DNA methylation profiles of participants who did not have type 2 diabetes with and without brain insulin resistance and detailed metabolic phenotyping. We identified 540 DNA methylation sites (CpGs) as classifiers of brain insulin resistance in a discovery cohort ( = 167), results that were validated in two replication cohorts ( = 33 and 24) with high accuracy (83 to 94%).

The Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus on Sleep-Wake Function and Circadian Rhythms in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established therapy in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) improving motor and non-motor signs including sleep. The mechanisms of sleep improvement are insufficiently understood.

Objectives: The objective was to identify stimulation-dependent effects on the sleep-wake cycle and circadian clock regulation.