Hydrodynamics of the electronic Fermi liquid: a pedagogical overview.

For over a hundred years, electron transport in conductive materials has been primarily described by the Drude model, which assumes that current flow is impeded primarily by momentum-relaxing collisions between electrons and extrinsic objects such as impurities or phonons. In the past decade, however, experiments have increasingly realized ultra-high quality electronic materials that demonstrate a qualitatively distinct method of charge transport called hydrodynamic flow. Hydrodynamic flow occurs when electrons collide much more frequently with each other than with anything else, and in this limit the electric current has long-wavelength collective behaviour analogous to that of a classical fluid.

Mapping the evidence on the impact of heat stress on exercise and work performance in females: a scoping review.

Increasing numbers of females are performing in increasingly hot environments. This scoping review aimed to 1) collate evidence on the effects of environmental heat stress on aerobic exercise performance and work productivity in females specifically, and 2) explore sex differences in the existing literature. A systematic search across four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus) was developed based on MeSH terms and keywords, with all permutations relating to 'FEMALE', 'WOMAN', 'HEAT' AND 'PERFORMANCE'.

Watching electronic ice melt.

An experiment captures images of the transition between liquid and solid states of an electron system.

Work and work exposures in sugarcane farming in Eswatini, Southern Africa.

Objective: To describe work practices and exposures among sugarcane farm workers on smallholder cooperatives in eSwatini, being subcontracted (cane cutters) or directly employed (pesticide applicators).

Methods: Data were collected at mid-harvest using repeated field observations and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) measurements. Questionnaires were administered to 267 sugarcane cutters and 125 pesticide applicators.

The work-recovery cycle of kidney strain and inflammation in sugarcane workers following repeat heat exposure at work and at home.

Purpose: To examine heat exposure at work and home and the work-recovery cycle and temporal variation of kidney strain, muscle injury and inflammation biomarkers in sugarcane workers.

Methods: 20 male sugarcane workers (age: 33 ± 7 years) with a workplace Rest.Shade.