"Bud to bloom"-hormonal coordination in floral initiation.

Hormones have a dominant role in shaping the destiny of plant reproduction. Recent breakthroughs in our understanding of hormone function during floral development have revealed the pivotal roles of cytokinin, gibberellin and auxin. Cytokinin and gibberellin regulate the size and coordination of floral meristems, while auxin and cytokinin take centre stage in initiating and developing organs.

"Bud to Fruit"- Hormonal Interactions Governing Early Fruit Development.

Hormones are fundamental architects of plant reproduction, orchestrating the transition from pollination to fruit set. Recent advances have underscored the central roles of auxin and gibberellins in ovary growth, seed development, and parthenocarpy, while their intricate interplay with cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid fine-tunes early fruit development. A dynamic regulatory network involving transcription factors, microRNAs, and hormone-responsive genes modulates these processes, ensuring coordinated cellular events across diverse fruit types.

Transcriptomics and trans-organellar complementation reveal limited signaling of 12-cis-oxo-phytodienoic acid during early wound response in Arabidopsis.

12-cis-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), a precursor of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), is known to have distinct signaling roles in Arabidopsis, as shown in studies using the opr3 mutant, which lacks OPDA REDUCTASE3 (OPR3). This mutant, however, accumulates low levels of JA-Ile through an OPR2-mediated bypass. To investigate OPDA signaling, the wound-induced transcriptome of the opr2opr3 mutant is compared to that of wild-type and allene oxide synthase mutant.

Iron allocation to chloroplast proteins depends on the DNA-binding protein WHIRLY1.

The DNA-binding protein WHIRLY1, sharing structural similarities with ferritin, plays a role in the formation of iron cofactor proteins within chloroplasts. Previous studies indicated that barley plants with a knockdown of HvWHIRLY1 containing a minimal amount of the protein are compromised in chloroplast development and photosynthesis, and get chlorotic leaves when grown at high irradiance. Thereby, the leaves display signs of iron deficiency.

Pleiotropic effects of barley BLADE-ON-PETIOLE gene Uniculme4 on plant architecture and the jasmonic acid pathway.

Plant architecture is a key determinant of crop yield, and understanding the genetic basis of its regulation is crucial for crop improvement. BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) genes are known to play a fundamental role in shaping plant architecture across diverse species. In this study, we demonstrate pleiotropic effects of the barley BOP gene Uniculme4 (Cul4) on various aspects of plant architecture, including plant height, culm diameter, and grain traits.