Effects of caffeine and its metabolites, theobromine and theophylline, on performance and physiological parameters in cyclists: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of caffeine and its metabolites, particularly theobromine and theophylline, on physiological and performance parameters in recreational cyclists.

Methods: Fourteen male cyclists participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, completing a simulated 16 km time trial (TT) after ingesting 6 mg·kg of caffeine or a placebo. Physiological parameters such as ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate were measured along with performance parameters like time and power output.

Engineering Pb-free relaxor ferroelectric thin films for low voltage energy storage applications.

Pulsed power technologies demand dielectric capacitors that possess a high energy storage density and efficiency at low applied electric fields/voltages. In this work, we engineered the morphology of lead-free 0.85[0.

Prevalence and factors associated with problematic use of smartphone in high school students from southern Brazil.

This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with problematic smartphone use (PSU) in southern Brazil. A total of 411 high school students at a federal institute participated in this research. Smartphone addiction was highlighted as the dependent variable and was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, classifying students of both sexes who scored ≥ 33 on this scale as having PSU.

Key proteins of the plasma membrane of Leishmania spp.

The initial interaction between host cells and Leishmania infective rforms is dependent on surface proteins from both organisms. Membrane proteins are fundamental molecules that perform a variety of functions, including recognition, adhesion, and host cell penetration, as well as nutrient and enzyme transport and cell signaling. Several Leishmania plasma membrane proteins play critical roles in host interaction, parasite survival, and virulence during the early stages of infection.

Stigma towards mental illness in Portuguese students of the integrated master's degrees in medicine, veterinary medicine and pharmaceutical sciences.

Background: Stigma towards mental illness is a problem faced by health science professionals, acting as a barrier to providing care and seeking help.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare social stigma among Medical, Pharmacy and Veterinary students from the same university campus and assess the impact of their respective curricula on stigma levels.

Method: We performed an observational cross-sectional study, involving first and final-year students of the Integrated Master's in Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, from two Institutions of the University of Porto, Portugal.