Simple Nephrectomy for Non-Functioning Kidney: An Institutional Experience with Non-Neoplastic and Incidentally Detected Neoplastic Lesions.

Chronic kidney diseases are attributed to a variety of etiologies, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, vascular diseases, cystic kidney diseases, chronic tubulo-interstitial diseases, chronic pyelonephritis, and glomerular diseases. Simple nephrectomy is indicated when the loss of renal function in a unilateral non-functional kidney is permanent in a persistently symptomatic patient. Uncommonly, a non-functional kidney may develop neoplasm unsuspected pre-operatively and be diagnosed only during histopathological examination of nephrectomy specimen.

Expression of Cyclin D1 and Claudin-1 in Invasive Breast Carcinoma and Their Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters.

Background & Objective: Evidence-based medicine has shown that patients with similar risk factors, stages, and therapy often have different clinical outcomes, highlighting the heterogeneity of breast cancer. In a quest for a better, cost-effective approach, researchers proposed the selection of surrogate IHC markers such as cyclin D1 and claudin-1 for the prognosis of breast cancer patients, supplementing the traditional ER, PR, and HER2/neu receptor.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in northern India and included 50 cases of invasive breast carcinoma obtained from mastectomies, wide local excisions, and biopsies diagnosed over 4 years.

Segmental Absence of Intestinal Musculature: An Enticing Predicament.

Segmental absence of intestinal musculature (SAIM) was first identified as a cause of intestinal perforation and remains difficult to diagnose clinically. Diagnosing SAIM preoperatively can be difficult; however, detection during the surgical procedure may be feasible if gross observations reveal bowel alterations such as a thinned-out wall, signs of gangrenous changes, or adjacent bowel dilatation. A final diagnosis can be made with the help of histopathology, making it a gold standard.

Evaluation of Accuracy of Intraoperative Frozen Section and Imprint Cytology in Gynecological Neoplasms-A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study of 50 Cases in Tertiary Care Center.

 Gynecological neoplasms are among the most common cancers in female population of India and worldwide. Various new advances have been made to diagnose gynecological pathologies which include imprint cytology and frozen sections in addition to the histopathological techniques. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative diagnostic procedure with gold standard histopathology.

Zeroing in on the root cause of the clots in a blood bag: Reinforcing improvement in blood collection practices.

Blood clots in the packed red blood cell [PRBC] unit can sometimes go unrecognized and could eventually give rise to flow problems while administering the same. We herein report our observation of a moderately elongated threadlike clot in a PRBC unit prepared from a whole blood donated by a young Indian male donor. The PRBC unit was returned to us from the ward by the nursing staff citing "flow issues".