Evaluation of the role of omega-3 fatty acids in nicotine-induced neurotoxicity in pregnant Wistar rats and their pups.

This study investigated maternal and their pup neurobehaviour following nicotine exposure during gestational and postnatal periods and neuroprotective effect of Omega-3 fatty acids. Thus, the study used thirty pregnant female Wistar rats for this study. Groups I and II (nonpregnant and pregnant) were treated with 1 ml/kg/day of normal saline for 42 days; III was treated with 4 mg/kg/day of nicotine for 42 days; IV-VI were co-administered nicotine 4 mg/kg and 100, 300, 600 mg/kg/day of Omega-3 fatty acids respectively for 42 days.

Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular adaptations to exercise: A narrative review.

The brain-heart connection, particularly during physical activity, plays a crucial role in health and disease management. This review examined the neurophysiological mechanisms driving cardiovascular adaptations to exercise, focusing on the bidirectional relationship between the brain and heart. Key mediators such as central autonomic networks, brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) enhance neural plasticity and vascular health.

Renometabolic disorder in experimental rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome is reversed by acetate-mediated inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4.

Background: Chronic Kidney disorders is a global public health problem, including in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and is characterized by renal fibrosis, nephrotoxicity and glomerulonephritis, which increases the possibility of renal failure and organ transplant. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) has been implicated in mitochondria dysfunction, contributing to metabolic dysregulation in different organs, including kidney. Studies have shown that short chain fatty acids, particularly acetate, alleviates metabolic alterations in experimental models.

Cardiac glycosides: Looking beyond heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

Cardiac glycosides, historically used for managing heart failure and atrial fibrillation, have demonstrated significant pharmacological versatility extending into oncology, virology, and immunotherapy. By targeting Na/K-ATPase, these compounds regulate ionic homeostasis and initiate signalosome formation, influencing key pathways such as MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt. Beyond their cardiovascular effects, cardiac glycosides exhibit potent immunomodulatory and senolytic properties, particularly in cancer therapy.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a polyherbal drug: human health exposure-associated risk assessment study.

PAHs are pervasive pollutants known to bioaccumulate in environmental matrices, plants, and humans. Dr. Iguedo Goko Cleanser® is a polyherbal drug with unsubstantiated claims to treat various diseases in sub-Saharan Africa.

Modulation of GABA by sodium butyrate ameliorates hypothalamic inflammation in experimental model of PCOS.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a known endocrine disorder that has affected many women of childbearing age, and is accompanied by various neurodegenerative conditions. Hence, this study investigates the impact of butyrate in reversing hypothalamic-related disorder, possibly through γ aminobutyric acid (GABA) in a rat model of PCOS. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were allotted into four groups (n = 5), which include control, butyrate, letrozole, and letrozole + butyrate groups.

Toxicological evaluation of a polyherbal formulation on testicular function and gonadal histomorphology in exposed Wistar rats.

Introduction: Dr Iguedo Goko Cleanser® is a herbal formulation (HF) widely marketed in southern Nigeria and purported to be very efficacious for the management of various diseases including giardiasis, toilet infections, hypertension, diabetes, ulcer, impotence, low libido, low sperm count amongst others. Medicinal plants reportedly produce an array of adverse reactions capable of inducing harmful conditions, including death.

Aim: This study evaluated the subchronic toxicity concern of HF on testicular function and gonadal histoarchitecture in Wistar rats.

Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade attenuates hyperandrogenic metabolic dysregulation in letrozole-induced PCOS rat model.

Purpose: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic syndrome associated with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation, which causes infertility in women of reproductive age. Spironolactone (SPL) is a MR blocker with inconclusive effect in the treatment of PCOS. Therefore, the present study hypothesized that low dose SPL would ameliorate metabolic dysfunction associated with PCOS.

Short chain fatty acid, acetate restores ovarian function in experimentally induced PCOS rat model.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is pathogenically characterized with hyperandrogenism and metabolic alterations, which often result in ovarian changes and infertility in women of reproductive age. Epigenetic changes have been linked to the development of PCOS. However, the involvement of epigenetic regulator, histone deacetylase (HDAC) in PCOS-driven ovarian dysfunction is not clear.

Melatonin supplementation preserves testicular function by attenuating lactate production and oxidative stress in high fat diet-induced obese rat model.

Metabolic syndrome, including obesity has been documented as a critical factor in male reproductive dysfunction with subsequent reduction in male fertility. The therapeutic potential of melatonin has been demonstrated against oxidative stress-induced pathologies. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of melatonin on testicular dysfunction associated with high fat diet (FD)-induced obese rat model, and the possible involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ).

Protective role of melatonin against adipose-hepatic metabolic comorbidities in experimentally induced obese rat model.

Background: Adipose and hepatic metabolic dysfunctions are critical comorbidities that also aggravate insulin resistance in obese individuals. Melatonin is a low-cost agent and previous studies suggest that its use may promote metabolic health. However, its effects on some comorbidities associated with obesity are unknown.

Polyphenol-rich extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves prevented toxic effects of cyclophosphamide on the kidney function of Wistar rats.

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the potent and low cost chemotherapy used in clinical setting against a variety of tumors. However, its association with nephrotoxicity limits its therapeutic use. Ocimum gratissimum leaf is a medicinal plant with numerous pharmacological and therapeutic efficacies, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptotic properties.

Barium chloride dose-dependently induced heart and lung injury in Wistar rats.

Barium (Ba) is one of the environmental pollutant metals that incite deleterious effects on human health. The present study investigated the effects of exposure to different doses of barium chloride (BaCl ) on heart and lung of Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to BaCl at 150, 300, and 600 mg/L for seven consecutive days.

Polyphenol-rich extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves ameliorates colitis via attenuating colonic mucosa injury and regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines production and oxidative stress.

Colitis is a chronic inflammation and ulcer on the inner lining of the large intestine. For many centuries Ocimum gratissimum (OG) leaves have been used in folk medicine in Nigeria to treat inflammatory bowel diseases, however, to date, the anti-colitis effects of OG have not been scientifically proven. In this study we investigated the effects of polyphenol rich extract of Ocimum gratissimum (PREOG) leaf on colonic mucosa injury in colitis, its mechanisms, initial administration time and dosage.