Particulates, unregulated and regulated emissions and catalytic converter efficiency evaluation of methanol (M15) fuelled BS-VI compliant light-duty spark-ignition engine.

Methanol adaptation in the transport sector is being encouraged worldwide. Methanol, a high-octane fuel, is emerging as a strong fuel candidate for powering spark-ignition (SI) engines and it can be indigenously produced from low-value agricultural biomass waste and high-ash coal. This study investigated particulates and unregulated and regulated emissions from M15 (15 % v/v methanol, 82 % v/v gasoline, 3 % v/v propanol) fueled Bharat Stage-VI (BS-VI) 2020 compliant light-duty SI engine equipped with a multipoint port fuel injection system and compared it with baseline gasoline fueled engine.

Characterisation of particulates and trace metals emitted by a dimethyl ether-fuelled genset engine prototype.

Diesel-fuelled CI engines are the primary sources of particulate matter (PM) emissions which harm human health and the urban environment. Elevated PM emission levels can cause respiratory diseases and deteriorate urban air quality and atmospheric visibility. DME, a carbon-neutral and oxygenated fuel, is fast merging as a strong alternative to diesel to reduce PM emissions.

Electrifying passenger road transport in India requires near-term electricity grid decarbonisation.

Battery-electric vehicles (BEV) have emerged as a favoured technology solution to mitigate transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in many non-Annex 1 countries, including India. GHG mitigation potentials of electric 4-wheelers in India depend critically on when and where they are charged: 40% reduction in the north-eastern states and more than 15% increase in the eastern/western regions today, with higher overall GHGs emitted when charged overnight and in the summer. Self-charging gasoline-electric hybrids can lead to 33% GHG reductions, though they haven't been fully considered a mitigation option in India.

Particulate characteristics of low-temperature combustion (PCCI and RCCI) strategies in single cylinder research engine for developing sustainable and cleaner transportation solution.

In this experimental study, particulate matter (PM) characterizations of different low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies have been compared with conventional compression ignition (CI) combustion for finding out a sustainable and cleaner transport solution. LTC strategies included premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) and reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion. Particulate sampling and characterization were carried out in a single-cylinder diesel engine.

Toxicity of exhaust particulates and gaseous emissions from gasohol (ethanol blended gasoline)-fuelled spark ignition engines.

In the last couple of decades, blending of oxygenated additives with gasoline has been advocated to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to reduce hazardous health effects of gaseous emissions and particulate matter (PM) emitted by internal combustion (IC) engines in the transport sector worldwide. The primary objective of this research was to carry out a comparative analysis of exhaust PM emitted by gasohol (gasoline blended with 10% ethanol, v/v)-fulled spark ignition (SI) engine with that of baseline gasoline-fuelled SI engine. To assess the PM toxicity, physical, chemical and biological characterizations of PM were carried out using the state-of-the-art instruments and techniques.

Mutagenicity and Cytotoxicity of Particulate Matter Emitted from Biodiesel-Fueled Engines.

Biodiesel engines produce several intermediate species, which can potentially harm the human health. The concentration of these species and their health risk potential varies depending on engine technology, fuel, and engine operating condition. In this study, experiments were performed on a large number of engines having different configurations (emissions norms/fuel used), which were operated at part load/full load using B20 (20% v/v biodiesel blended with mineral diesel) and mineral diesel.

Performance evaluation of a biodiesel fuelled transportation engine retrofitted with a non-noble metal catalysed diesel oxidation catalyst for controlling unregulated emissions.

In present study, engine exhaust was sampled for measurement and analysis of unregulated emissions from a four cylinder transportation diesel engine using a state-of-the-art FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) emission analyzer. Test fuels used were Karanja biodiesel blend (B20) and baseline mineral diesel. Real-time emission measurements were performed for raw exhaust as well as exhaust sampled downstream of the two in-house prepared non-noble metal based diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) and a baseline commercial DOC based on noble metals.

Effectiveness of non-noble metal based diesel oxidation catalysts on particle number emissions from diesel and biodiesel exhaust.

Two new formulations of non-noble metal based diesel oxidation catalysts based on CoCe based mixed oxide (DOC) and perovskite catalysts (DOC) were prepared and retrofitted in a 4-cylinder diesel engine fueled by diesel and Karanja biodiesel blend (KB20). In this study, their effectiveness in reducing raw exhaust particulate emissions vis-à-vis a commercial diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) was evaluated. Emission characteristics such as particle number-size distribution, mass-size distribution, and surface area-size distribution, total particle number concentration and count mean diameter as a function of engine load at constant engine speed were evaluated.

Assessment of toxic potential of primary and secondary particulates/aerosols from biodiesel vis-à-vis mineral diesel fuelled engine.

Toxicity of engine out emissions from primary and secondary aerosols has been a major cause of concern for human health and environmental impact. This study aims to evaluate comparative toxicity of nanoparticles emitted from a modern common rail direct injection engine (CRDI) fuelled with biodiesel blend (B20) vis-à-vis mineral diesel. The toxicity and potential health hazards of exhaust particles were assessed using various parameters such as nanoparticle size and number distribution, surface area distribution, elemental and organic carbon content and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed onto the particle surfaces, followed by toxic equivalent factor assessment.

Development of surface functionalized activated carbon fiber for control of NO and particulate matter.

This study investigates the development and potential application of activated carbon fibers (ACF) functionalized with ammonia for control of NO and particulate matter (PM) in diesel engine exhaust. A tubular reactor packed with ACF was used to experimentally study the oxidation of NO at room temperature. Tests were conducted at ACF functionalized with three aqueous ammonia concentrations (3, 5, 10 M), three basic reagents (ammonia, pyridine, amine) and three NO concentrations (100, 300, 500 ppm).