Effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease outcomes: A review of interventional studies.

We summarize the literature of randomized controlled trials and associated meta-analyses related to the effects of calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease outcomes. Despite significant epidemiologic data associating abnormal calcium or vitamin D levels with cardiovascular disease risk, no consistent signal has emerged from the interventional literature for a causal relationship between supplementation of these micronutrients and improved cardiovascular outcomes. There is some evidence to support increased risk of coronary heart disease with calcium supplementation alone, and the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease appear to be neutral.

Recurrent Atrial Myxoma in a Patient With Carney Complex 26 Years After Heart Transplantation.

Background: Carney complex, a familial syndrome caused by germline PRKA1A mutation, predisposes to recurrent cardiac myxomas. In refractory cases, orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) can be considered for assumed curative treatment of recurrent myxoma.

Case Summary: We present a case of recurrent cardiac myxoma arising from residual native right atrial tissue in a woman with Carney complex 26 years after OHT for recurrent myxoma.

Priorities for hearing loss prevention and estimates of global cause-specific burdens of hearing loss: a systematic rapid review.

Background: Hearing loss affects approximately 1·6 billion individuals worldwide. Many cases are preventable. We aimed to estimate the annual number of new hearing loss cases that could be attributed to meningitis, otitis media, congenital rubella syndrome, cytomegalovirus, and ototoxic medications, specifically aminoglycosides, platinum-based chemotherapeutics, and antimalarials.

The Impact of Hearing Loss and Its Treatment on Health-Related Quality of Life Utility: a Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

Background: Hearing loss significantly impacts health-related quality of life (QoL), yet the effects of current treatments on QoL utility remain uncertain. Our objective was to describe the impact of untreated and treated hearing loss on QoL utility to inform hearing healthcare policy.

Methods: We searched databases for articles published through 02/01/2021.

Improved Outcomes in Severe Primary Graft Dysfunction After Heart Transplantation Following Donation After Circulatory Death Compared With Donation After Brain Death.

Background: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD), the leading cause of early mortality after heart transplantation, is more common following donation after circulatory death (DCD) than donation after brain death (DBD). We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study to compare the incidence, severity and outcomes of patients experiencing PGD after DCD compared to DBD heart transplantation.

Methods And Results: Medical records were reviewed for all adult heart transplant recipients at our institution between March 2016 and December 2021.

In vivo CRISPR screens reveal the landscape of immune evasion pathways across cancer.

The immune system can eliminate tumors, but checkpoints enable immune escape. Here, we identify immune evasion mechanisms using genome-scale in vivo CRISPR screens across cancer models treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We identify immune evasion genes and important immune inhibitory checkpoints conserved across cancers, including the non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) molecule Qa-1/HLA-E.

The Future of heart procurement with donation after circulatory death: Current practice and opportunities for advancement.

Heart Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) has the potential to significantly increase the number of patients benefitting from heart transplantation. However, the expansion of DCD heart transplantation is currently limited by unanswered questions pertaining to best practices in DCD heart procurement. Additionally, significant variability exists within regulatory frameworks, professional guidelines, and published practices of DCD procurement processes.

Validation of the Decision model of the Burden of Hearing loss Across the Lifespan (DeciBHAL) in Chile, India, and Nigeria.

Background: There is no published decision model for informing hearing health care resource allocation across the lifespan in low- and middle-income countries. We sought to validate the Decision model of the Burden of Hearing loss Across the Lifespan International (DeciBHAL-I) in Chile, India, and Nigeria.

Methods: DeciBHAL-I simulates bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and conductive hearing loss (CHL) acquisition, SNHL progression, and hearing loss treatment.

Evidence gaps in economic analyses of hearing healthcare: A systematic review.

Background: Hearing loss is a common and costly medical condition. This systematic review sought to identify evidence gaps in published model-based economic analyses addressing hearing loss to inform model development for an ongoing Lancet Commission.

Methods: We searched the published literature through 14 June 2020 and our inclusion criteria included decision model-based cost-effectiveness analyses that addressed diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of hearing loss.

In vivo screens using a selective CRISPR antigen removal lentiviral vector system reveal immune dependencies in renal cell carcinoma.

CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering has increased the pace of discovery for immunology and cancer biology, revealing potential therapeutic targets and providing insight into mechanisms underlying resistance to immunotherapy. However, endogenous immune recognition of Cas9 has limited the applicability of CRISPR technologies in vivo. Here, we characterized immune responses against Cas9 and other expressed CRISPR vector components that cause antigen-specific tumor rejection in several mouse cancer models.

Loss of ADAR1 in tumours overcomes resistance to immune checkpoint blockade.

Most patients with cancer either do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade or develop resistance to it, often because of acquired mutations that impair antigen presentation. Here we show that loss of function of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 in tumour cells profoundly sensitizes tumours to immunotherapy and overcomes resistance to checkpoint blockade. In the absence of ADAR1, A-to-I editing of interferon-inducible RNA species is reduced, leading to double-stranded RNA ligand sensing by PKR and MDA5; this results in growth inhibition and tumour inflammation, respectively.