Risk prediction models for lung cancer in people who have never smoked: a protocol of a systematic review.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although smoking is the primary cause of the cancer, lung cancer is also commonly diagnosed in people who have never smoked. Currently, the proportion of people who have never smoked diagnosed with lung cancer is increasing.

E-cigarette use behaviors and device characteristics of daily exclusive e-cigarette users in Maryland: Implications for product toxicity.

Introduction: Few studies to date have characterized daily exclusive e-cigarette users, device characteristics, and use behaviors. This study describes daily e-cigarette user characteristics, and assesses the association between user behaviors and demographics.

Methods: From 2015-2017, 100 daily exclusive e-cigarette users and 50 non-users were recruited in Maryland, USA.

Metal/Metalloid Levels in Electronic Cigarette Liquids, Aerosols, and Human Biosamples: A Systematic Review.

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become popular, in part because they are perceived as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarettes. An increasing number of studies, however, have found toxic metals/metalloids in e-cigarette emissions.

Objective: We summarized the evidence on metal/metalloid levels in e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid), aerosols, and biosamples of e-cigarette users across e-cigarette device systems to evaluate metal/metalloid exposure levels for e-cigarette users and the potential implications on health outcomes.