Revolutionizing cardiac fibrosis treatment: the potential of personalized CAR T-cell therapy.

Cardiac fibrosis, a condition characterized by the deposition of excess collagen in the cardiac tissue, is a major complication of various cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, hypertension, and different types of cardiomyopathies. CAR T-cell therapy, a form of immunotherapy that involves the genetic modification of T cells to recognize and target specific antigens, has shown promise in the treatment of various cancers and autoimmune diseases. The rationale behind using CAR T-cell therapy to treat cardiac fibrosis lies in the fact that fibrosis is often driven by the activation of pro-fibrotic immune cells, such as myofibroblasts.

The effect of chitosan/alginate hydrogel loaded quercetin on wound healing in diabetic rat model.

Diabetic ulcers often result from a combination of ischemia and oxidative stress, which are exacerbated by inflammation in the wound. Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), a flavonoid with well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has garnered significant attention in the field of skin regeneration. In addition, chitosan/alginate (C/A) wound dressings have been shown to create a conducive environment for wound healing, leveraging the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of chitosan, as well as the hydrogel and water-absorbing properties of alginate.

Photobiomodulation therapy: Location-dependent effects on memory and recovery in male adult rats with spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can cause significant physical and emotional challenges for individuals as a result of inflammation and cell death. This study investigates the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in reducing inflammation and memory impairment through the use of 3 specific treatment protocols. Forty male rats (180-200 g) were divided into 5 groups: Control; SCI model; and SCI with 3 different PBMT protocols.

The role of IL-39 in autoimmune diseases: From general to immunopathogenesis.

IL-39, a cytokine from the IL-12 family that appears to be produced primarily by B cells, consists of the IL-23p19 and Ebi3 subunits, which signal through IL-23R/gp130 to activate STAT1/STAT3. Some studies suggest elevated IL-39 levels in certain autoimmune conditions, such as relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), possibly indicating a link between IL-39 and autoimmunity mediated by B cells. Preliminary evidence indicates that IL-39 might stimulate NETosis in neutrophils and promote BAFF (B-cell activating factor) secretion, which theoretically, in turn, may activate IL-39 production, T-cell-independent IgA isotype switching and somatic hypermutation.

Effects of micro- and nanoplastic exposure on macrophages: a review of molecular and cellular mechanisms.

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), pervasive environmental pollutants, contaminate water, soil, air, and the food chain and ultimately accumulate in living organisms. Macrophages are the main immune cells that gather around MNPs and engulf them through the process of phagocytosis. This internalization triggers M1 polarization and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-18, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ.

Flavonoids and the gut microbiome: a powerful duo for brain health.

Flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds, are widely distributed in plant-based foods and have been recognized for their potential to promote overall health and well-being. Flavonoids in fruits and vegetables offer various beneficial effects such as anti-aging, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Flavonoids have been extensively studied for their neuroprotective properties, which are attributed to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with neural cells.

Apigenin's Influence on Inflammatory and Epigenetic Responses in Rat Lungs After Radiotherapy.

Introduction: The lung is a moderately radio-sensitive organ. When cells are damaged due to accidental radiation exposure or treatment, they release molecules that lead to the recruitment of immune cells, accumulating inflammatory cytokines at the site of damage. Apigenin (Api) is a natural flavonoid known for its anti-inflammatory properties.

The analgesic effect of curcumin and nano-curcumin in clinical and preclinical studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chronic pain remains a treatment challenge. Curcumin, a natural plant product found in the Curcuma genus, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin and nano-curcumin for treating chronic pain in clinical and preclinical studies.

The effect of intra spinal administration of cerium oxide nanoparticles on central pain mechanism: An experimental study.

This study investigated Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) effect on central neuropathic pain (CNP). The compressive method of spinal cord injury (SCI) model was used for pain induction. Three groups were formed by a random allocation of 24 rats.

Combined effect of Cerium oxide nanoparticles loaded scaffold and photobiomodulation therapy on pain and neuronal regeneration following spinal cord injury: an experimental study.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) remained one of the challenges to treat due to its complicated mechanisms. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) accelerates neuronal regeneration. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) also eliminate free radicals in the environment.

Evaluation of photobiomodulation therapy (117 and 90s) on pain, regeneration, and epigenetic factors (HDAC 2, DNMT3a) expression following spinal cord injury in a rat model.

Background: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects, and most importantly as a non-invasive procedure, has currently gained a special setting in pain relief and the treatment of Spinal cord injuries (SCI). However, the mechanism of action of the PBM is not yet completely understood.

Methods: In this study, SCI is induced by an aneurysm clip, and PBM therapy was applied by a continuous-wave (CW) laser with a wavelength of 660 nm.

Evaluation of epigenetic (HDAC, DNMT) and pain (Gad65, TGF) factors following photobiomodulation therapy in a neuropathic pain model.

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is converted to the most common analgesic treatment before the whole mechanism is yet to be discovered. This study for the first time was designed to investigate alternations of epigenetic factors after pain and PBMT. The CCI model was chosen to induce pain.

Time-dependent photobiomodulation management of neuropathic pain induced by spinal cord injury in male rats.

Neuropathic pain (NP) following spinal cord injury (SCI) often lasts for a long time and causes a range of problems that reduce the quality of life. Current treatments are not generally effective; however, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has made some progress in this area. Due to the novelty of this treatment, standard therapeutic protocols have not yet been agreed upon.

Radiosensitising effect of iron oxide-gold nanocomplex for electron beam therapy of melanoma in vivo by magnetic targeting.

Melanoma is a dangerous type of skin cancer sometimes treated with radiotherapy. However, it induces damage to the surrounding healthy tissue and possibly further away areas. Therefore, it is necessary to give a lower dose to the patient with targeted therapy.

The effect of gabapentin and pregabalin administration on memory in clinical and preclinical studies: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: Today, gabapentinoids such as Gabapentin (GBP) and pregabalin (PGB) are widely used as painkillers. This may alter the function of the nervous system; hence their results may include a difference in memory and processes that end in memory formation. This study aims to conclude whether gabapentinoids can alter memory or not by reviewing and analyzing clinical and preclinical studies.

Will carbon nanotube/nanofiber bring new hope for the treatment of heart damage? A systematic review.

Despite scientific advances, the number of cardiovascular patients is increasing worldwide. To protect damaged cardiomyocytes from further harm, novel and safer approaches are needed to help regeneration and prevent fibrosis. In this study, we performed a systematic review of and preclinical studies of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for help to treat heart damage.

Study of nerve cell regeneration on nanofibers containing cerium oxide nanoparticles in a spinal cord injury model in rats.

Since the CNS is unable to repair itself via neuronal regeneration in adult mammals, alternative therapies need to be found. The use of cerium oxide nanoparticles to repair nerve damage could be a promising approach for spinal cord reconstruction. In this study, we constructed a scaffold containing cerium oxide nanoparticles (Scaffold-CeO) and investigated the rate of nerve cell regeneration in a rat model of spinal cord injury.

Pain Alleviating Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Transplantation on the Injured Spinal Cord: A Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evaluation.

Few studies are conducted on the efficacy of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in spinal cord injury (SCI) management and electrophysiological changes in the spinal cord. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of ADSCs on neuropathic pain, motor function recovery, and electrophysiology assessment. For the purpose of this study, adult male Wistar rats (weight: 140-160 gr, n = 42) were randomly allocated into five groups namely intact animals, sham-operated, SCI non-treated animals, vehicle-treated (culture media), and ADSCs treated groups.

Neurotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in the animal brain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: About 30% of all nanoparticle products contain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). With the increasing use of AgNPs in industry and medicine, concerns about the adverse effects on the environment, and the possible toxicity of these particles to primary cells and towards organs such as the brain and nervous system increased. In this paper, the toxicity of AgNPs in neurons and brain of animal models was investigated by a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Optimization of the Duration and Dose of Photobiomodulation Therapy (660 nm Laser) for Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes motor deficits, urinary incontinence, and neuropathic pain. This study was designed to optimize a photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) protocol using a continuous wave (CW) 660 nm laser in rats with SCI. Specifically, the number of days of irradiation and the daily dose of PBMT were investigated.

Injection of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles to Treat Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.

This study investigated the effects of local injection of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) in a rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: controls (healthy animals), sham (laminectomy), SCI (laminectomy+SCI induction), and treatment (laminectomy+SCI induction+intrathecal injection of CeONPs immediately after injury). SCI was induced using an aneurysm clip at the T12-T13 vertebral region.

The Toxic Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Nerve Cells: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Despite the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in medical sciences, published studies on their interaction with nerve cells and evaluation of risks are dispersed. This systematic review and meta-analysis could be used to devise safety guidelines for the use of silver nanoparticles in industry and medicine to reduce adverse effects on the CNS.After extensive searches, the full text of 30 related studies was reviewed and data mining completed.

Distribution of gold nanoparticles into the brain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Despite the widespread use of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), there is no consensus on their distribution to different tissues and organs. The present systematic review and meta-analysis addresses the accumulation of GNPs in brain tissue. Extensive searches were conducted in electronic databases, Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus.