Associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and reckless/self-destructive behaviors among firefighters: the roles of negative and positive affect.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are linked to increased engagement in reckless/self-destructive behaviors (RSDBs), with affect being a purported mechanism underlying this relationship. To extend such research in a high-risk and vulnerable population, the current study examined the mediating role of negative and positive affect levels in the association between PTSD symptom severity and RSDB engagement among firefighters. Participants were 149 firefighters ( = 39.

Traumatic stress in the South Asian diaspora: A narrative review.

The South Asian diaspora is one of the largest racial/ethnic diasporas in the world. Limited psychological research and practice have focused on the traumatic experiences of South Asian individuals in this diaspora, and even less work has examined how these traumatic experiences are inextricably linked with historical and ongoing colonial context; migration and displacement; and intersectional identity based on religion, race, gender, nationality, and more. Additionally, scant research has focused on tangible solutions to these grave gaps in mental health care-how to best disseminate and implement culturally congruent interventions, enhance policy for trauma-informed work, and best attend to the culturally informed needs of South Asian mental health trainees.

Insecure attachment and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Black, Indigenous, and People of Color first responders: The role of emotion dysregulation.

Objective: First responders are at greater risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to constant exposure to potentially traumatic events. Studies have shown that both insecure attachment and emotion dysregulation contribute to more PTSD symptom severity. However, it is unclear whether emotion dysregulation explains relationships between insecure attachment and PTSD symptoms, especially among Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) first responders.

Exploring the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and dysregulated positive emotion processes: A network analysis.

Emerging research indicates an important role of positive emotion processes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. To extend this research, we utilized a network approach to examine associations between PTSD symptom clusters (intrusions, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood [NACM], alterations in arousal and reactivity [AAR]) and dysregulated positive emotion processes (levels of positive affect, self-focused positive rumination, emotion-focused positive rumination, dampening, impulse control difficulties, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, nonacceptance of positive emotions). Specifically, we examined differential relations between PTSD symptom clusters and positive emotion processes, and symptoms that most strongly connected these constructs (i.

Making trauma ecological momentary assessment studies FAIR: review of design considerations and data procedures.

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves collecting data from people in their everyday lives one or more times per day over the course of days, weeks, or months. EMA has been used in the traumatic stress field to better understand how trauma-relevant symptoms, experiences, and behaviours occur under naturalistic conditions and in relation to one another. The FAIR principles specify that data should be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable to maximise the knowledge gained from individual research studies.

Examining concordance between emotion-dependent risk-taking in the laboratory and in the real-world.

Risk-taking behavior is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and is elevated among women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and using substances. With the goal of advancing rigorous research on risk-taking behavior, this study examined the concordance of propensity for emotion-dependent risk-taking in the laboratory and emotion-dependent substance use and sexual behavior in the real world among women experiencing IPV and using substances. Women experiencing IPV were recruited from community establishments between 2018 and 2020 (N = 142; M = 40.

Examining the Proximal Relationship between Religious Coping and Depression among Trauma-Exposed Adults.

Depression is a common consequence of sexual victimization. Although religious coping has been previously studied within the context of sexual victimization, there is a dearth of research examining the potential reciprocal relationships between religious coping and depression among adults with a history of sexual victimization at the daily level. The current study addresses this important gap by leveraging an intensive longitudinal design and data analysis to explore bidirectional daily relations between religious coping and depression symptoms in a community sample of adults with a history of sexual victimization.

Therapeutic impacts of recalling and processing positive autobiographical memories on posttrauma health: An open-label study.

The processing of positive memories technique (PPMT) entails detailed narration and processing of specific positive autobiographical memories (AM) and has shown promise in improving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We examined whether participants receiving PPMT reported decreases in PTSD and depressive symptom severity, negative affect levels/reactivity, posttrauma cognitions, and positive emotion dysregulation, as well as increases in positive affect levels/reactivity and the number of retrieved positive AMs across four PPMT sessions. Individuals (N = 70) recruited from the community completed surveys at baseline (pre-PPMT), each PPMT session, and after completing all four PPMT sessions.

Heterogeneity in racist events and posttraumatic mental health among Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) first responders.

Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) first responders in Canada report experiencing racism and an increased risk of trauma-related mental health symptoms. Using a BIPOC first responder sample in Canada, the present study examined subgroups of BIPOC first responders based on the frequency of different types of racist events, and their relations with mental health symptoms (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptom clusters of intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood [NACM], and alterations in arousal and reactivity [AAR]; depression severity; anxiety severity). The sample included 196 BIPOC first responders who reported more than one traumatic experience (= 35.

Pre-and post-migration factors associated with sleep health among Latin American immigrants in the United States: A systematic review.

Immigrants face unique challenges and stressors before leaving their country of origin and upon arrival to their host country, all of which may impair their sleep health. We synthesized the literature on pre-and-post migration factors predicting sleep outcomes among foreign-born Latin American immigrants to the United States. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched three electronic databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science.

Morally Injurious Events and Depression: Examining the Role of Rumination Among Combat-Deployed Military Veterans in the Community.

While depression remains a common psychological disorder among combat military veterans, there is a need to investigate factors that relate to the development and maintenance of this disorder. Potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), perceived transgressions against one's moral code, is associated with depression. This relationship may be influenced by level of engagement in brooding rumination.

Relations between trauma-based subgroups and posttrauma health outcomes: A latent class analysis.

Objective: In trauma research, it is common for researchers to characterize participants as either "trauma exposed" or "not trauma exposed" regardless of nuanced differences of the potentially traumatic event (PTE). To our knowledge, no study has simultaneously examined differences across both PTEs and exposure types.

Method: Using latent class analysis, we investigated latent homogeneous subgroups of individuals following experiences of 16 PTEs via three exposure types (i.

Emotion dysregulation and posttraumatic stress symptom severity: The influence of cortisol reactivity following idiographic emotion inductions.

Objective: Emotion dysregulation plays a central role in the etiology and maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Individual differences in physiological responses to emotionally evocative events may influence the strength of this association. The objective of this study was to test whether cortisol reactivity following idiographic emotion induction tasks moderated the relation between emotion dysregulation and PTSS severity.

Response styles to positive affect during a positive psychology intervention for veterans with PTSD and moral injury: Preliminary results from a moral elevation intervention pilot trial.

Objective: Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or moral injury are at risk of maladaptive response styles to positive emotions, such as emotional numbing. A potential pathway to target problematic responses to positive affect is a positive psychology intervention that elicits moral elevation-feeling inspired after witnessing someone perform a virtuous act. This study aims to examine responses to positive affect in a pilot trial of a web-based moral elevation intervention titled, Method: Veterans who reported moral injury distress and probable PTSD were randomized into an intervention or control condition ( = 48).

Measuring emotion dysregulation in daily life: an experience sampling study.

Literature underscores the importance of emotion dysregulation in clinical research. However, one critical limitation of the existing investigations in this area involves the lack of psychometrically valid measures for assessing emotion dysregulation in individuals' daily lives. This study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of momentary versions of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (mDERS) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Positive (mDERS-P).

Posttraumatic stress symptoms and positive autobiographical memory characteristics in everyday life.

Individuals with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) report difficulties engaging with positive autobiographical memories. Extending this line of research, we examined daily-level concurrent and lagged associations between PTSS severity and positive memory characteristics (vividness, coherence, accessibility, time perspective, sensory details, visual perspective, emotional intensity, sharing, distancing, and valence). The sample included 88 trauma survivors (M = 39.

The Cyborg Method: A Method to Identify Fraudulent Responses from Crowdsourced Data.

Crowdsourcing is an essential data collection method for psychological research. Concerns about the validity and quality of crowdsourced data persist, however. A recent documented increase in the number of invalid responses within crowdsourced data has highlighted the need for quality control measures.

Do childhood experiences influence associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and positive autobiographical memories among military veteran students? An exploratory study.

Background: Evidence links posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and features of positive autobiographical memories (accessibility, vividness, coherence, sharing, emotional intensity, distancing). There is a knowledge gap on how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) may influence these relationships.

Objectives: The current study explored whether the number ACEs or BCEs moderated associations between PTSD symptom severity and features of positive autobiographical memories.

Daily-level associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and reactions to retrieving positive autobiographical memories.

Trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report difficulties accessing and describing positive memories. To understand these patterns, we examined daily-level relations of PTSD symptoms with affective, cognitive (dwelling/rumination; pushing memory out of one's mind; suppression; avoidance; distraction; thinking about something else; remembering negative or positive memories/events; negative or positive thoughts; accepting or disapproving memory; reinterpreting memory), and behavioral (using alcohol/drugs; smoking cigarettes; cravings for or seeking out cigarettes/alcohol/drugs; craving, seeking out, or consuming large amounts of food; dissociation; engaging in risky behaviors; sharing memories; interference with ongoing task; arousal) reactions to retrieving positive memories. Eighty-eight trauma survivors (M= 39.

Beyond the mean: examining associations between intraindividual variability in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and posttrauma reckless behaviors.

Background/objectives: Posttrauma reckless behaviors have been linked to the onset and exacerbation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, PTSD symptoms fluctuate across time, triggered by environmental stimuli in daily life, referred to as (intraindividual) variability in PTSD symptoms.

Design: We utilized experience sampling methods to investigate associations between engagement in posttrauma reckless behaviors and variability in PTSD symptoms and the moderating role of emotion dysregulation in this association.

Study protocol and rationale for a pilot randomized clinical trial comparing processing of positive memories technique with supportive counseling for PTSD.

Background: Research indicates that positive memories have a role in posttraumatic stress disorder's (PTSD) symptomatology and treatment. Following treatment development guidelines, a novel PTSD intervention - Processing of Positive Memories Technique (PPMT) - was developed and subsequently examined for its effects and feasibility in pilot studies. Extending this research, the proposed pilot randomized clinical trial with PPMT and Supportive Counseling (SC) arms will examine PPMT's effects on PTSD severity and biomarkers of stress systems' dysregulation (awakening salivary alpha amylase [sAA] and cortisol concentrations); examine mechanistic targets (affect) underlying PPMT's effects; and refine PPMT.

The Middle-Out Approach to reconceptualizing, assessing, and analyzing traumatic stress reactions.

Alternative models of traumatic stress and broader psychopathology have been proposed to address issues of heterogeneity, comorbidity, clinical utility, and equitable representation. However, systematic and practical methods and guidelines to organize and apply these models remain scarce. The Middle-Out Approach is a novel, integrative, contextually informed framework for organizing and applying existing empirical methods to evaluate current and alternative traumatic stress reactions.