Analysis of the fat globule size in raw milk through parametrization of visible and near-infrared spatially resolved spectra.

Fat globule size has a strong impact on the sensory properties of dairy products and should therefore be monitored during milk processing. However, the current measurement techniques cannot meet the demand for real-time monitoring of its size distribution. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) in the visible (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) region for this purpose.

On-farm NIR sensor for milk analysis: Exploitation of bias monitoring and bias correction.

Long-term studies have shown a bias drift over time in the prediction performance of near-infrared spectroscopy measurement systems. This bias drift generally requires extra laboratory reference measurements to detect and correct for this bias. Since these reference measurements are expensive and time consuming, there is a need for advanced methodologies for bias drift monitoring and correction without the need for taking extra samples.

Near-infrared spectra dataset of milk composition in transmittance mode.

Monitoring of milk composition can support several dimensions of dairy management such as identification of the health status of individual dairy cows and the safeguarding of dairy quality. The quantification of milk composition has been traditionally executed employing destructive chemical or laboratory Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses which can incur high costs and prolonged waiting times for continuous monitoring. Therefore, modern technology for milk composition quantification relies on non-destructive near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy which is not invasive and can be performed on-farm, in real-time.