Ultrasound detection of lymphatic bubbles in a porcine dive model.

Ultrasound is currently the optimal imaging modality in the decompression research field for assessing intracorporeal gas. Decompression sickness (DCS) is triggered by excess gas bubble presence in the body; however, the relationship is not well understood. Presently, the decompression physiology field does not have a strong predictive DCS biomarker.

Agreement of precordial and subclavian Doppler ultrasound venous gas emboli grades in a large diving data set.

Introduction: Doppler ultrasound is used to detect inert gas bubbles in the body following decompression from dives. Two sites may be monitored, the precordial (PC) and subclavian (SC) positions. PC is the predominant site, allowing observation of bubbles returning from the entire body.

Development of a graphical user interface for automatic separation of human voice from Doppler ultrasound audio in diving experiments.

Doppler ultrasound (DU) is used in decompression research to detect venous gas emboli in the precordium or subclavian vein, as a marker of decompression stress. This is of relevance to scuba divers, compressed air workers and astronauts to prevent decompression sickness (DCS) that can be caused by these bubbles upon or after a sudden reduction in ambient pressure. Doppler ultrasound data is graded by expert raters on the Kisman-Masurel or Spencer scales that are associated to DCS risk.

A fully automated algorithm for heart rate detection in post-dive precordial Doppler ultrasound.

Background: Doppler ultrasound is used currently in decompression research for the evaluation of venous gas emboli (VGE). Estimation of heart rate from post-dive Doppler ultrasound recordings can provide a tool for the evaluation of physiological changes from decompression stress, as well as aid in the development of automated VGE detection algorithms that relate VGE presence to cardiac activity.

Method: An algorithm based on short-term autocorrelation was developed in MATLAB to estimate the heart rate in post-dive precordial Doppler ultrasound.

Deep Learning-Based Venous Gas Emboli Grade Classification in Doppler Ultrasound Audio Recordings.

Objective: Doppler ultrasound (DU) is used to detect venous gas emboli (VGE) post dive as a marker of decompression stress for diving physiology research as well as new decompression procedure validation to minimize decompression sickness risk. In this article, we propose the first deep learning model for VGE grading in DU audio recordings.

Methods: A database of real-world data was assembled and labeled for the purpose of developing the algorithm, totaling 274 recordings comprising both subclavian and precordial measurements.

A Review of Deep Learning-Based Contactless Heart Rate Measurement Methods.

The interest in contactless or remote heart rate measurement has been steadily growing in healthcare and sports applications. Contactless methods involve the utilization of a video camera and image processing algorithms. Recently, deep learning methods have been used to improve the performance of conventional contactless methods for heart rate measurement.