Inadvertent Insertion of a Nasoenteric Feeding Tube Into the Brain of an Anesthetized Persian Cat.

Objective: To describe the inadvertent insertion of a tube intended for nasogastric placement into the brain of an anesthetized brachycephalic cat.

Case Summary: A 7-year-old Persian cat underwent a cholecystectomy for emergency surgical management of biliary obstruction, with postoperative placement of a nasogastric tube planned for nutritional support. General anesthesia with spontaneous breathing was administered, and the surgical procedure was performed without adverse events.

Effects of Endotoxemia and Blood Pressure on Microcirculation and Noradrenaline Needs With or Without Dexmedetomidine in Beagle Dogs-A Blinded Cross-Over Study.

Endotoxemia often leads to microcirculatory derangement. In six sevoflurane anaesthetized Beagle dogs, we investigated the effects of 1 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin intravenous and blood pressure (mean arterial pressure of 65 mmHg versus 85 mmHg) on microcirculation assessed on buccal mucosa using side stream dark field microscopy. Dogs were afterwards resuscitated with fluids and noradrenaline.

Effects of Induced Endotoxaemia on Global Cardiovascular, Oxygenation and Haematologic Variables and the Integrity of the Endothelial Glycocalyx in the Horse.

Background: Endotoxaemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in equids due to perfusion impairment and possible destruction of the glycocalyx.

Objectives: To evaluate our hypothesis that endotoxaemia induces changes in global cardiovascular and haematologic parameters and compromises glycocalyx integrity, evidenced by an early rise in plasma shedding products.

Study Design: In vivo experiments METHODS: In a prospective, randomised, controlled experimental trial, endotoxaemia was induced with E.

Comparing the Use of Transverse Abdominis Plane Block and Splash Block for Postoperative Pain Control in Dogs Undergoing Mastectomy-A Blinded Randomized Prospective Clinical Study.

To compare the use of postoperative analgesia for mastectomy, 44 dogs were randomly allocated to either the Splash treatment group (group A) or the Transverse Abdominis Plane block treatment group (TAP, group B). Following intramuscular (IM) premedication with pethidine (4 mg kg) and acepromazine (0.01 mg kg), anesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) propofol and maintained with isoflurane by an anesthetist (DC) who was unaware of the treatment.

Unexpected upper airway obstruction after ear flushing in two cats.

This case report outlines complications associated with ear flush procedures in two cats. The first case, a female Domestic Short Hair cat, aged 8 years and weighing 3.9 kg, presented with signs of Horner's syndrome and right-sided facial paralysis.

Changes in microcirculation variables in an acute endotoxaemic equine model.

Background: Microcirculation is the essential link between macrocirculation and cellular metabolism.

Objectives: To test our hypotheses that microcirculation variables will show a heterogeneous flow pattern during experimental endotoxaemia, and that fluid therapy and noradrenaline (NA) infusion will normalise altered microcirculation variables.

Study Design: In vivo experiments.

Evaluation of the Effect of Induced Endotoxemia on ROTEM S and Platelet Parameters in Beagle Dogs Anaesthetized with Sevoflurane.

Endotoxemia is thought to induce severe changes in coagulation status. In this study, blood samples from six beagle dogs receiving 1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenously were analyzed to describe the concurrent changes in platelet count, platelet function assessed with impedance thromboaggregometry, thromboelastometry and d-dimers during artificially induced endotoxemia and its therapy with fluids and vasopressors at five timepoints (baseline, after LPS and 30 mL/kg Ringer's acetate, during noradrenaline ± dexmedetomidine infusion, after a second fluid bolus and a second time after vasopressors). Results were analyzed for changes over time with the Friedman test, and statistical significance was set at < 0.

Atipamezole Reverses Cardiovascular Changes Induced by High-Dose Medetomidine in Cats Undergoing Sedation for Semen Collection.

This study aimed at describing the change in echocardiographic variables after high-dose medetomidine and the reversal with atipamezole in six cats undergoing sedation for semen collection. Further cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) concentration and the effect of repeated sedation were assessed. Echocardiography was performed before and 20 min after sedation with 0.

Evaluation of the Analgesic Efficacy of Undiluted Intraperitoneal and Incisional Ropivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Dogs after Major Abdominal Surgery.

Recommendations for intraperitoneal (IP) and incisional (INC) administration of local anaesthetics after visceral surgery exist, but evidence is scarce. This prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled, clinical trial compared postoperative pain in dogs undergoing major abdominal surgery. Sixteen client-owned dogs were anaesthetized with a standardized balanced protocol including opioids and received either 2 mg/kg ropivacaine IP (0.

Epididymectomy as a novel surgical procedure; application in the domestic cat.

Feline overpopulation raises issues concerning health, ecology, economy, and ethics. Procedures to limit overpopulation should carefully address animal welfare, efficiency, costs, and feasibility. Vasectomy in unowned cats is suggested as preferable to standard neutering as it maintains male sexual behaviour which may induce ovulation and pseudopregnancy in intact females and may prevent immigration of other males.

Ketamine administration in idiopathic epileptic and healthy control dogs: Can we detect differences in brain metabolite response with spectroscopy?

Introduction: In recent years ketamine has increasingly become the focus of multimodal emergency management for epileptic seizures. However, little is known about the effect of ketamine on brain metabolites in epileptic patients. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique to estimate brain metabolites .

Development and comparison of an esophageal Doppler monitoring-based treatment algorithm with a heart rate and blood pressure-based treatment algorithm for goal-directed fluid therapy in anesthetized dogs: A pilot study.

The objective of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of a study comparing the efficacy of an esophageal Doppler monitor (EDM)-based fluid therapy algorithm with a heart rate (HR)- and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)-based algorithm in reducing hypotension and fluid load in anesthetized dogs. Client-owned dogs undergoing general anesthesia for surgical procedures were randomized to two groups. An EDM probe for monitoring blood flow in the descending aorta was placed in each dog before receiving a crystalloid bolus (5 mL/kg) over 5 min.

Evaluation of the Effect of Storage Time on ROTEM S Parameters in Healthy and Ill Dogs.

Viscoelastic testing as a bedside test to assess global haemostasis has gained popularity in the past decade, with rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and thromboelastography (TEG) being the two commonly used devices. TEG studies suggest analysis 30 min after blood sampling. However, the reproducibility of results over time for ROTEM analysis using lyophilized samples in dogs has not been established.

Whole blood platelet impedance aggregometry with the ROTEM platelet device: comparison of 2 anticoagulants and storage times for the establishment of canine reference intervals.

The ROTEM platelet device, a point-of-care whole blood platelet impedance aggregometer, is an add-on to the rotational thromboelastometry ROTEM delta device. The latter has been validated in dogs. We examined whether canine whole blood is suited for analysis with the ROTEM platelet device using adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (ARA) as agonists for platelet activation, and if there are significant differences between sample storage times and anticoagulants used.

Coagulation Status in Dogs Naturally Infected with .

infection has been associated with coagulopathies including hyperfibrinolysis. We compared coagulation status including thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters in dogs naturally infected with versus healthy dogs to determine clinicopathological parameters associated with bleeding, hypocoagulopathy, and hyperfibrinolysis. Clinical signs, white blood cell count, platelet count, hematocrit, plasmatic coagulation tests (PT, aPTT, fibrinogen concentration), D-dimer, and ROTEM S parameters (Ex-tem, In-tem, Fib-tem, Ap-tem) were analysed and compared between bleeding, nonbleeding, and control dogs and between hypo- and normocoagulable animals.

Evaluation of the ability of haemodynamic variables obtained with minimally invasive techniques to assess fluid responsiveness in endotoxaemic Beagles.

Objective: To examine the ability of different haemodynamic variables recorded by minimally invasive monitoring techniques to assess fluid responsiveness (FR) in endotoxaemic Beagles.

Study Design: Prospective terminal experimental study.

Animals: A group of six healthy, purpose-bred Beagle dogs (three intact females and males), age 5-9.

Prospective, controlled, blinded, randomized crossover trial evaluating the effect of maropitant versus ondansetron on inhibiting tranexamic acid-evoked emesis.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of tranexamic acid (TXA)-induced nausea and vomiting after the prophylactic use of 2 antiemetics, ondansetron and maropitant, compared with saline.

Design: Prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study.

Setting: University research facility.

Pharmacokinetics of S-ketamine and R-ketamine and their active metabolites after racemic ketamine or S-ketamine intravenous administration in dogs sedated with medetomidine.

Objective: To assess the differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of S-ketamine, R-ketamine and their metabolites, S-norketamine and R-norketamine, and to measure relevant physiologic variables after intravenous administration of racemic (RS) ketamine or S-ketamine alone in Beagle dogs sedated with medetomidine.

Study Design: Experimental, blinded and randomized crossover study.

Animals: A total of six (three female and three male) adult Beagle dogs.

Correlation of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters with platelet count and their ability to predict thrombocytopenia in dogs.

The study objectivs were to evaluate the correlation between platelet count (PLT) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters and to determine ROTEM cut-off values for identification of thrombocytopenia in dogs. Medical records of 113 dogs with concurrent EXTEM (ROTEM activated by proprietary tissue factor), FIBTEM (EXTEM with added cytochalasin D) analysis and PLT were retrospectively reviewed. Signalment, treatment prior to analysis, hematocrit (HCT), EXTEM/FIBTEM maximum clot firmness (MCF, MCF), EXTEM/FIBTEM maximum clot elasticity (MCE, MCE) and EXTEM maximum lysis (ML) were extracted from patient records and ROTEM database.

Correlation of plasma coagulation tests and fibrinogen with rotational thromboelastometry parameters and prediction of bleeding in dogs.

Background: Correlation of plasma fibrinogen concentration (fibrinogen ) with rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters has not been investigated in dogs.

Objectives: To determine the correlation between plasma coagulation tests and fibrinogen with ROTEM parameters and to evaluate their ability to predict bleeding in dogs.

Animals: Ninety-seven dogs with concurrent determination of fibrinogen and fibrin polymerization test (FIBTEM) analysis.

Comparison of three continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interfaces in healthy Beagle dogs during medetomidine-propofol constant rate infusions.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of three continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interfaces in dogs on gas exchange, lung volumes, amount of leak during CPAP and rebreathing in case of equipment failure or disconnection.

Study Design: Randomized, prospective, crossover, experimental trial.

Animals: Ten purpose-bred Beagle dogs.

Reference values for rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in clinically healthy cats.

Objective: To establish reference intervals for rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) using feline blood.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and three metabolites in Beagle dogs under sevoflurane vs. medetomidine comedication assessed by enantioselective capillary electrophoresis.

Ketamine is often used for anesthesia in veterinary medicine. One possible comedication is the sedative α-agonist medetomidine. Advantages of that combination are the compensation of side effects of the two drugs and the anesthetic-sparing effect of medetomidine.

Clinical evaluation of intranasal medetomidine-ketamine and medetomidine-S(+)-ketamine for induction of anaesthesia in rabbits in two centres with two different administration techniques.

Objective: The aim was to compare efficacy and side effects of induction with medetomidine-ketamine or medetomidine-S(+)-ketamine by intranasal (IN) instillation in rabbits and to evaluate both protocols during subsequent isoflurane anaesthesia.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded, randomized experimental study in two centres.

Animals: Eighty-three healthy New Zealand White rabbits undergoing tibial or ulnar osteotomy.